如何使一个Python类序列化?
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
尝试序列化为JSON:
>>> import json
>>> x = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> json.dumps(x)
TypeError: Object of type 'FileItem' is not JSON serializable
如何使一个Python类序列化?
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
尝试序列化为JSON:
>>> import json
>>> x = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> json.dumps(x)
TypeError: Object of type 'FileItem' is not JSON serializable
当前回答
我最喜欢Lost Koder的方法。当我试图序列化成员/方法不可序列化的更复杂的对象时,我遇到了问题。这是我的实现,工作在更多的对象:
class Serializer(object):
@staticmethod
def serialize(obj):
def check(o):
for k, v in o.__dict__.items():
try:
_ = json.dumps(v)
o.__dict__[k] = v
except TypeError:
o.__dict__[k] = str(v)
return o
return json.dumps(check(obj).__dict__, indent=2)
其他回答
加拉科给出了一个非常简洁的答案。我需要修复一些小的东西,但这是有效的:
Code
# Your custom class
class MyCustom(object):
def __json__(self):
return {
'a': self.a,
'b': self.b,
'__python__': 'mymodule.submodule:MyCustom.from_json',
}
to_json = __json__ # supported by simplejson
@classmethod
def from_json(cls, json):
obj = cls()
obj.a = json['a']
obj.b = json['b']
return obj
# Dumping and loading
import simplejson
obj = MyCustom()
obj.a = 3
obj.b = 4
json = simplejson.dumps(obj, for_json=True)
# Two-step loading
obj2_dict = simplejson.loads(json)
obj2 = MyCustom.from_json(obj2_dict)
# Make sure we have the correct thing
assert isinstance(obj2, MyCustom)
assert obj2.__dict__ == obj.__dict__
注意,加载需要两个步骤。现在是__python__属性 未使用。
这种情况有多普遍?
使用AlJohri的方法,我检查了流行的方法:
序列化(Python -> JSON):
To_json: 266,595 on 2018-06-27 toJSON: 96,307 on 2018-06-27 __json__: 8504 on 2018-06-27 For_json: 6937 on 2018-06-27
反序列化(JSON -> Python):
From_json: 226,101 on 2018-06-27
除了Onur的答案,你可能想要处理如下的datetime类型。(以便处理:'datetime. time.)Datetime对象没有属性dict异常。)
def datetime_option(value):
if isinstance(value, datetime.date):
return value.timestamp()
else:
return value.__dict__
用法:
def toJSON(self):
return json.dumps(self, default=datetime_option, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
前几天我遇到了这个问题,并为Python对象实现了一个更通用的Encoder版本,可以处理嵌套对象和继承字段:
import json
import inspect
class ObjectEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
def default(self, obj):
if hasattr(obj, "to_json"):
return self.default(obj.to_json())
elif hasattr(obj, "__dict__"):
d = dict(
(key, value)
for key, value in inspect.getmembers(obj)
if not key.startswith("__")
and not inspect.isabstract(value)
and not inspect.isbuiltin(value)
and not inspect.isfunction(value)
and not inspect.isgenerator(value)
and not inspect.isgeneratorfunction(value)
and not inspect.ismethod(value)
and not inspect.ismethoddescriptor(value)
and not inspect.isroutine(value)
)
return self.default(d)
return obj
例子:
class C(object):
c = "NO"
def to_json(self):
return {"c": "YES"}
class B(object):
b = "B"
i = "I"
def __init__(self, y):
self.y = y
def f(self):
print "f"
class A(B):
a = "A"
def __init__(self):
self.b = [{"ab": B("y")}]
self.c = C()
print json.dumps(A(), cls=ObjectEncoder, indent=2, sort_keys=True)
结果:
{
"a": "A",
"b": [
{
"ab": {
"b": "B",
"i": "I",
"y": "y"
}
}
],
"c": {
"c": "YES"
},
"i": "I"
}
另一种选择是将JSON转储打包到它自己的类中:
import json
class FileItem:
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
def __repr__(self):
return json.dumps(self.__dict__)
或者,更好的是,从JsonSerializable类继承FileItem类:
import json
class JsonSerializable(object):
def toJson(self):
return json.dumps(self.__dict__)
def __repr__(self):
return self.toJson()
class FileItem(JsonSerializable):
def __init__(self, fname):
self.fname = fname
测试:
>>> f = FileItem('/foo/bar')
>>> f.toJson()
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'
>>> f
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'
>>> str(f) # string coercion
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'
下面是一个简单功能的简单解决方案:
.toJSON()方法
实现一个序列化器方法,而不是一个JSON可序列化类:
import json
class Object:
def toJSON(self):
return json.dumps(self, default=lambda o: o.__dict__,
sort_keys=True, indent=4)
所以你只需调用它来序列化:
me = Object()
me.name = "Onur"
me.age = 35
me.dog = Object()
me.dog.name = "Apollo"
print(me.toJSON())
将输出:
{
"age": 35,
"dog": {
"name": "Apollo"
},
"name": "Onur"
}