Jsonweb似乎是我的最佳解决方案。参见http://www.jsonweb.info/en/latest/

from jsonweb.encode import to_object, dumper

@to_object()
class DataModel(object):
  def __init__(self, id, value):
   self.id = id
   self.value = value

>>> data = DataModel(5, "foo")
>>> dumper(data)
'{"__type__": "DataModel", "id": 5, "value": "foo"}'

基于Quinten Cabo的回答:

def sterilize(obj):
    """Make an object more ameniable to dumping as json
    """
    if type(obj) in (str, float, int, bool, type(None)):
        return obj
    elif isinstance(obj, dict):
        return {k: sterilize(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
    list_ret = []
    dict_ret = {}
    for a in dir(obj):
        if a == '__iter__' and callable(obj.__iter__):
            list_ret.extend([sterilize(v) for v in obj])
        elif a == '__dict__':
            dict_ret.update({k: sterilize(v) for k, v in obj.__dict__.items() if k not in ['__module__', '__dict__', '__weakref__', '__doc__']})
        elif a not in ['__doc__', '__module__']:
            aval = getattr(obj, a)
            if type(aval) in (str, float, int, bool, type(None)):
                dict_ret[a] = aval
            elif a != '__class__' and a != '__objclass__' and isinstance(aval, type):
                dict_ret[a] = sterilize(aval)
    if len(list_ret) == 0:
        if len(dict_ret) == 0:
            return repr(obj)
        return dict_ret
    else:
        if len(dict_ret) == 0:
            return list_ret
    return (list_ret, dict_ret)

区别在于

Works for any iterable instead of just list and tuple (it works for NumPy arrays, etc.) Works for dynamic types (ones that contain a __dict__). Includes native types float and None so they don't get converted to string. Classes that have __dict__ and members will mostly work (if the __dict__ and member names collide, you will only get one - likely the member) Classes that are lists and have members will look like a tuple of the list and a dictionary Python3 (that isinstance() call may be the only thing that needs changing)

要添加另一个选项:您可以使用attrs包和asdict方法。

class ObjectEncoder(JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, o):
        return attr.asdict(o)

json.dumps(objects, cls=ObjectEncoder)

然后再转换回去

def from_json(o):
    if '_obj_name' in o:
        type_ = o['_obj_name']
        del o['_obj_name']
        return globals()[type_](**o)
    else:
        return o

data = JSONDecoder(object_hook=from_json).decode(data)

类看起来像这样

@attr.s
class Foo(object):
    x = attr.ib()
    _obj_name = attr.ib(init=False, default='Foo')

你知道预期产量是多少吗?例如，这个可以吗?

>>> f  = FileItem("/foo/bar")
>>> magic(f)
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'

在这种情况下，你只需调用json.dumps(f.__dict__)。

如果您想要更多自定义输出，那么您必须继承JSONEncoder并实现您自己的自定义序列化。

对于一个简单的例子，请参见下面。

>>> from json import JSONEncoder
>>> class MyEncoder(JSONEncoder):
        def default(self, o):
            return o.__dict__    

>>> MyEncoder().encode(f)
'{"fname": "/foo/bar"}'

然后你把这个类作为cls kwarg传递给json.dumps()方法:

json.dumps(cls=MyEncoder)

如果还想解码，则必须向JSONDecoder类提供一个自定义object_hook。例如:

>>> def from_json(json_object):
        if 'fname' in json_object:
            return FileItem(json_object['fname'])
>>> f = JSONDecoder(object_hook = from_json).decode('{"fname": "/foo/bar"}')
>>> f
<__main__.FileItem object at 0x9337fac>
>>> 

对于更复杂的类，您可以考虑使用jsonpickle工具:

jsonpickle is a Python library for serialization and deserialization of complex Python objects to and from JSON. The standard Python libraries for encoding Python into JSON, such as the stdlib’s json, simplejson, and demjson, can only handle Python primitives that have a direct JSON equivalent (e.g. dicts, lists, strings, ints, etc.). jsonpickle builds on top of these libraries and allows more complex data structures to be serialized to JSON. jsonpickle is highly configurable and extendable–allowing the user to choose the JSON backend and add additional backends.

(链接到PyPi上的jsonpickle)

首先，我们需要使我们的对象符合JSON，这样我们就可以使用标准JSON模块转储它。我是这样做的:

def serialize(o):
    if isinstance(o, dict):
        return {k:serialize(v) for k,v in o.items()}
    if isinstance(o, list):
        return [serialize(e) for e in o]
    if isinstance(o, bytes):
        return o.decode("utf-8")
    return o