Jsonweb似乎是我的最佳解决方案。参见http://www.jsonweb.info/en/latest/

from jsonweb.encode import to_object, dumper

@to_object()
class DataModel(object):
  def __init__(self, id, value):
   self.id = id
   self.value = value

>>> data = DataModel(5, "foo")
>>> dumper(data)
'{"__type__": "DataModel", "id": 5, "value": "foo"}'

只需要像这样添加to_json方法到你的类中:

def to_json(self):
  return self.message # or how you want it to be serialized

然后将这段代码(来自这个答案)添加到所有内容的顶部:

from json import JSONEncoder

def _default(self, obj):
    return getattr(obj.__class__, "to_json", _default.default)(obj)

_default.default = JSONEncoder().default
JSONEncoder.default = _default

这将会在导入json模块时monkey-patch，所以 JSONEncoder.default()自动检查特殊的to_json() 方法，并使用它对找到的对象进行编码。

就像Onur说的，但是这次你不需要更新项目中的每个json.dumps()。

TLDR:复制-粘贴下面的选项1或选项2

真正的/完整的答案:让Pythons json模块与你的类一起工作

AKA，求解:json。dump ({"thing": YOUR_CLASS()})

解释:

Yes, a good reliable solution exists No, there is no python "official" solution By official solution, I mean there is no way (as of 2023) to add a method to your class (like toJSON in JavaScript) and/or no way to register your class with the built-in json module. When something like json.dumps([1,2, your_obj]) is executed, python doesn't check a lookup table or object method. I'm not sure why other answers don't explain this The closest official approach is probably andyhasit's answer which is to inherit from a dictionary. However, inheriting from a dictionary doesn't work very well for many custom classes like AdvancedDateTime, or pytorch tensors. The ideal workaround is this: Mutate json.dumps (affects everywhere, even pip modules that import json) Add def __json__(self) method to your class

选项1:让一个模块来做补丁

PIP安装json-fix (扩展+包装版FancyJohn的回答，谢谢@FancyJohn)

your_class_definition.py

import json_fix

class YOUR_CLASS:
    def __json__(self):
        # YOUR CUSTOM CODE HERE
        #    you probably just want to do:
        #        return self.__dict__
        return "a built-in object that is naturally json-able"

这是它。

使用示例:

from your_class_definition import YOUR_CLASS
import json

json.dumps([1,2, YOUR_CLASS()], indent=0)
# '[\n1,\n2,\n"a built-in object that is naturally json-able"\n]'

生成json。dump适用于Numpy数组，Pandas DataFrames和其他第三方对象，请参阅模块(只有大约2行代码，但需要解释)。

它是如何工作的?嗯…

选项2:补丁json。把你自己

注意:这种方法是简化的，它在已知的edgcase上失败(例如:如果你的自定义类继承了dict或其他内置类)，并且它错过了控制外部类的json行为(numpy数组，datetime, dataframes，张量等)。

some_file_thats_imported_before_your_class_definitions.py

# Step: 1
# create the patch
from json import JSONEncoder
def wrapped_default(self, obj):
    return getattr(obj.__class__, "__json__", wrapped_default.default)(obj)
wrapped_default.default = JSONEncoder().default
   
# apply the patch
JSONEncoder.original_default = JSONEncoder.default
JSONEncoder.default = wrapped_default

your_class_definition.py

# Step 2
class YOUR_CLASS:
    def __json__(self, **options):
        # YOUR CUSTOM CODE HERE
        #    you probably just want to do:
        #        return self.__dict__
        return "a built-in object that is natually json-able"

_

其他答案似乎都是“序列化自定义对象的最佳实践/方法”

在这里的文档中已经介绍过了(搜索“complex”可以找到编码复数的例子)

下面是一个简单功能的简单解决方案:

.toJSON()方法

实现一个序列化器方法，而不是一个JSON可序列化类:

import json

class Object:
    def toJSON(self):
        return json.dumps(self, default=lambda o: o.__dict__, 
            sort_keys=True, indent=4)

所以你只需调用它来序列化:

me = Object()
me.name = "Onur"
me.age = 35
me.dog = Object()
me.dog.name = "Apollo"

print(me.toJSON())

将输出:

{
    "age": 35,
    "dog": {
        "name": "Apollo"
    },
    "name": "Onur"
}

任何人都想在没有外部库的情况下使用基本转换，这只是如何使用以下方式覆盖自定义类的__iter__ & __str__函数。

class JSONCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, obj):
        return obj.__dict__


class Student:
    def __init__(self, name: str, slug: str):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __iter__(self):
        yield from {
            "name": self.name,
            "age": self.age,
        }.items()

    def __str__(self):
        return json.dumps(
            self.__dict__, cls=JSONCustomEncoder, ensure_ascii=False
        )

通过在dict()中进行包装来使用该对象，从而保留数据。

s = Student("aman", 24)
dict(s)

基于Quinten Cabo的回答:

def sterilize(obj):
    """Make an object more ameniable to dumping as json
    """
    if type(obj) in (str, float, int, bool, type(None)):
        return obj
    elif isinstance(obj, dict):
        return {k: sterilize(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
    list_ret = []
    dict_ret = {}
    for a in dir(obj):
        if a == '__iter__' and callable(obj.__iter__):
            list_ret.extend([sterilize(v) for v in obj])
        elif a == '__dict__':
            dict_ret.update({k: sterilize(v) for k, v in obj.__dict__.items() if k not in ['__module__', '__dict__', '__weakref__', '__doc__']})
        elif a not in ['__doc__', '__module__']:
            aval = getattr(obj, a)
            if type(aval) in (str, float, int, bool, type(None)):
                dict_ret[a] = aval
            elif a != '__class__' and a != '__objclass__' and isinstance(aval, type):
                dict_ret[a] = sterilize(aval)
    if len(list_ret) == 0:
        if len(dict_ret) == 0:
            return repr(obj)
        return dict_ret
    else:
        if len(dict_ret) == 0:
            return list_ret
    return (list_ret, dict_ret)

区别在于

Works for any iterable instead of just list and tuple (it works for NumPy arrays, etc.) Works for dynamic types (ones that contain a __dict__). Includes native types float and None so they don't get converted to string. Classes that have __dict__ and members will mostly work (if the __dict__ and member names collide, you will only get one - likely the member) Classes that are lists and have members will look like a tuple of the list and a dictionary Python3 (that isinstance() call may be the only thing that needs changing)