从Dart 2.13版本开始，就很容易用late关键字了。Late关键字允许我们延迟实例化对象。

作为一个例子，你可以看到:

class LazySingletonExample {
  LazySingletonExample._() {
    print('instance created.');
  }

  static late final LazySingletonExample instance = LazySingletonExample._();
  
  
}

注意:请记住，当你调用lazy instance field时，它只会被实例化一次。

创建单例

class PermissionSettingService {
  static PermissionSettingService _singleton = PermissionSettingService._internal();

  factory PermissionSettingService() {
    return _singleton;
  }

  PermissionSettingService._internal();
}

重置单例

// add this function inside the function
  void reset() {
   _singleton = PermissionSettingService._internal();
  }

下面是在Dart中创建单例对象的几种不同方法的比较。

1. 工厂构造函数

class SingletonOne {

  SingletonOne._privateConstructor();

  static final SingletonOne _instance = SingletonOne._privateConstructor();

  factory SingletonOne() {
    return _instance;
  }

}

2. 带有getter的静态字段

class SingletonTwo {

  SingletonTwo._privateConstructor();

  static final SingletonTwo _instance = SingletonTwo._privateConstructor();

  static SingletonTwo get instance => _instance;
  
}

3.静态字段

class SingletonThree {

  SingletonThree._privateConstructor();

  static final SingletonThree instance = SingletonThree._privateConstructor();
  
}

如何实例化

上面的单例是这样实例化的:

SingletonOne one = SingletonOne();
SingletonTwo two = SingletonTwo.instance;
SingletonThree three = SingletonThree.instance;

注意:

我最初是把这个作为一个问题来问的，但发现上面所有的方法都是有效的，选择在很大程度上取决于个人喜好。

这是另一种可能的方式:

void main() {
  var s1 = Singleton.instance;
  s1.somedata = 123;
  var s2 = Singleton.instance;
  print(s2.somedata); // 123
  print(identical(s1, s2));  // true
  print(s1 == s2); // true
  //var s3 = new Singleton(); //produces a warning re missing default constructor and breaks on execution
}

class Singleton {
  static final Singleton _singleton = new Singleton._internal();
  Singleton._internal();
  static Singleton get instance => _singleton;
  var somedata;
}

使用空安全操作符和工厂构造函数可以更好地创建单例对象。

class Singleton {
  static Singleton? _instance;

  Singleton._internal();

  factory Singleton() => _instance ??= Singleton._internal();
  
  void someMethod() {
    print("someMethod Called");
  }
}

用法:

void main() {
  Singleton object = Singleton();
  object.someMethod(); /// Output: someMethod Called
}

注意:? ?是一个Null感知操作符，如果左边值为Null，它将返回右边的值，这意味着在我们的例子中_instance ??Singleton._internal();， Singleton._internal()将在第一次调用object时返回，rest _instance将返回。

实例化后不能更改对象的单例

class User {
  final int age;
  final String name;
  
  User({
    this.name,
    this.age
    });
  
  static User _instance;
  
  static User getInstance({name, age}) {
     if(_instance == null) {
       _instance = User(name: name, age: age);
       return _instance;
     }
    return _instance;
  }
}

  print(User.getInstance(name: "baidu", age: 24).age); //24
  
  print(User.getInstance(name: "baidu 2").name); // is not changed //baidu

  print(User.getInstance()); // {name: "baidu": age 24}