单例模式确保只创建一个类的实例。我如何在达特建立这个?
当前回答
多亏了Dart的工厂构造函数,构建一个单例对象变得很容易:
class Singleton {
static final Singleton _singleton = Singleton._internal();
factory Singleton() {
return _singleton;
}
Singleton._internal();
}
你可以这样构造它
main() {
var s1 = Singleton();
var s2 = Singleton();
print(identical(s1, s2)); // true
print(s1 == s2); // true
}
其他回答
** Sigleton范式在Dart声音零安全**
这段代码片段展示了如何在dart中实现单例 这通常用于每次必须使用同一个类的相同对象的情况。在数据库事务。
class MySingleton {
static MySingleton? _instance;
MySingleton._internal();
factory MySingleton() {
if (_instance == null) {
_instance = MySingleton._internal();
}
return _instance!;
}
}
这就是我如何在我的项目中实现单例
灵感来自flutter firebase => FirebaseFirestore.instance.collection('collectionName')
class FooAPI {
foo() {
// some async func to api
}
}
class SingletonService {
FooAPI _fooAPI;
static final SingletonService _instance = SingletonService._internal();
static SingletonService instance = SingletonService();
factory SingletonService() {
return _instance;
}
SingletonService._internal() {
// TODO: add init logic if needed
// FOR EXAMPLE API parameters
}
void foo() async {
await _fooAPI.foo();
}
}
void main(){
SingletonService.instance.foo();
}
来自我的项目的例子
class FirebaseLessonRepository implements LessonRepository {
FirebaseLessonRepository._internal();
static final _instance = FirebaseLessonRepository._internal();
static final instance = FirebaseLessonRepository();
factory FirebaseLessonRepository() => _instance;
var lessonsCollection = fb.firestore().collection('lessons');
// ... other code for crud etc ...
}
// then in my widgets
FirebaseLessonRepository.instance.someMethod(someParams);
在库中使用全局变量怎么样?
single.dart:
library singleton;
var Singleton = new Impl();
class Impl {
int i;
}
main.dart:
import 'single.dart';
void main() {
var a = Singleton;
var b = Singleton;
a.i = 2;
print(b.i);
}
或者这是不受欢迎的?
单例模式在Java中是必要的,因为在Java中不存在全局变量的概念,但在Dart中似乎不需要绕这么长的路。
因为我不太喜欢使用new关键字或其他构造函数,比如对单例对象的调用,我更喜欢使用一个名为inst的静态getter:
// the singleton class
class Dao {
// singleton boilerplate
Dao._internal() {}
static final Dao _singleton = new Dao._internal();
static get inst => _singleton;
// business logic
void greet() => print("Hello from singleton");
}
使用示例:
Dao.inst.greet(); // call a method
// Dao x = new Dao(); // compiler error: Method not found: 'Dao'
// verify that there only exists one and only one instance
assert(identical(Dao.inst, Dao.inst));
实例化后不能更改对象的单例
class User {
final int age;
final String name;
User({
this.name,
this.age
});
static User _instance;
static User getInstance({name, age}) {
if(_instance == null) {
_instance = User(name: name, age: age);
return _instance;
}
return _instance;
}
}
print(User.getInstance(name: "baidu", age: 24).age); //24
print(User.getInstance(name: "baidu 2").name); // is not changed //baidu
print(User.getInstance()); // {name: "baidu": age 24}