** Sigleton范式在Dart声音零安全**

这段代码片段展示了如何在dart中实现单例 这通常用于每次必须使用同一个类的相同对象的情况。在数据库事务。

class MySingleton {
  static MySingleton? _instance;
  MySingleton._internal();
  factory MySingleton() {
    if (_instance == null) {
      _instance = MySingleton._internal();
    }
     return _instance!;
  }
}

在Dart中创建Singleton没有什么棘手的。您可以在顶级(全局)位置声明任何变量，默认情况下这是一个单例。也可以将变量声明为类的静态成员。这是单元素a。

class A {}

final a = A();

However, the above does not allow you to replace the instance for testing. The other issue is that as the app grows in complexity, you may want to convert global or static variables to transient dependencies inside your classes. If you use dependency injection, you can change a dependency inside your composition at any time. This is an example of using ioc_container to configure a singleton instance of A in the root of an app. You can change this to a transient dependency any time by using add instead of addSingletonService

import 'package:ioc_container/ioc_container.dart';

class A {}

void main(List<String> arguments) {
  final builder = IocContainerBuilder()..addSingletonService(A());
  final container = builder.toContainer();
  final a1 = container<A>();
  final a2 = container<A>();
  print(identical(a1, a2));
}

上面打印为真，因为应用程序只会生成一个A实例。

修改了@Seth Ladd关于谁更喜欢Swift风格的单例，比如。shared的答案:

class Auth {
  // singleton
  static final Auth _singleton = Auth._internal();
  factory Auth() => _singleton;
  Auth._internal();
  static Auth get shared => _singleton;

  // variables
  String username;
  String password;
}

示例:

Auth.shared.username = 'abc';

实例化后不能更改对象的单例

class User {
  final int age;
  final String name;
  
  User({
    this.name,
    this.age
    });
  
  static User _instance;
  
  static User getInstance({name, age}) {
     if(_instance == null) {
       _instance = User(name: name, age: age);
       return _instance;
     }
    return _instance;
  }
}

  print(User.getInstance(name: "baidu", age: 24).age); //24
  
  print(User.getInstance(name: "baidu 2").name); // is not changed //baidu

  print(User.getInstance()); // {name: "baidu": age 24}

我在dart和之前的Swift上使用这个简单的模式。我喜欢它的简洁和只有一种使用方式。

class Singleton {
  static Singleton shared = Singleton._init();
  Singleton._init() {
    // init work here
  }

  void doSomething() {
  }
}

Singleton.shared.doSomething();

在这个例子中，当我想要使用Singleton时，我做了其他必要的事情。例如:

将一个值传递给单例对象的构造函数 在构造函数内部初始化一个值 为Singleton的变量设置一个值 能够访问和访问这些值。

是这样的:

class MySingleton {

  static final MySingleton _singleton = MySingleton._internal();

  String _valueToBeSet;
  String _valueAlreadyInSingleton;
  String _passedValueInContructor;

  get getValueToBeSet => _valueToBeSet;

  get getValueAlreadyInSingleton => _valueAlreadyInSingleton;

  get getPassedValueInConstructor => _passedValueInContructor;

  void setValue(newValue) {
    _valueToBeSet = newValue;
  }

  factory MySingleton(String passedString) {
    _singleton._valueAlreadyInSingleton = "foo";
    _singleton._passedValueInContructor = passedString;

    return _singleton;
  }

  MySingleton._internal();
}

MySingleton的用法:

void main() {

MySingleton mySingleton =  MySingleton("passedString");
mySingleton.setValue("setValue");
print(mySingleton.getPassedValueInConstructor);
print(mySingleton.getValueToBeSet);
print(mySingleton.getValueAlreadyInSingleton);

}