在gnuc++中(似乎从2.5开始就过时了，很久以前了:)看到答案在这里:使用标签初始化C结构。它可以工作，但如何?)，可以像这样初始化一个结构体:

struct inventory_item {
    int bananas;
    int apples;
    int pineapples;
};

inventory_item first_item = {
    bananas: 2,
    apples: 49,
    pineapples: 4
};

这个特性称为指定初始化式。它是C99标准的补充。然而，这个特性在c++ 11中被忽略了。根据c++编程语言，第4版，第44.3.3.2节(c++未采用的C特性):

c++故意没有采用C99的一些附加功能(与C89相比): [1]变长数组(VLAs);使用矢量或某种形式的动态数组 [2]指定初始化式;使用构造函数

C99语法有指定的初始化式[参见ISO/IEC 9899:2011, N1570委员会草案- 2011年4月12日]

6.7.9初始化

initializer:
    assignment-expression
    { initializer-list }
    { initializer-list , }
initializer-list:
    designation_opt initializer
    initializer-list , designationopt initializer
designation:
    designator-list =
designator-list:
    designator
    designator-list designator
designator:
    [ constant-expression ]
    . identifier

另一方面，c++ 11没有指定的初始化式[参见ISO/IEC 14882:2011, N3690委员会草案- 2013年5月15日]

8.5初始化

initializer:
    brace-or-equal-initializer
    ( expression-list )
brace-or-equal-initializer:
    = initializer-clause
    braced-init-list
initializer-clause:
    assignment-expression
    braced-init-list
initializer-list:
    initializer-clause ...opt
    initializer-list , initializer-clause ...opt
braced-init-list:
    { initializer-list ,opt }
    { }

为了达到同样的效果，可以使用构造函数或初始化列表:

在gnuc++中(似乎从2.5开始就过时了，很久以前了:)看到答案在这里:使用标签初始化C结构。它可以工作，但如何?)，可以像这样初始化一个结构体:

struct inventory_item {
    int bananas;
    int apples;
    int pineapples;
};

inventory_item first_item = {
    bananas: 2,
    apples: 49,
    pineapples: 4
};

我可能在这里遗漏了一些东西，为什么不呢:

#include <cstdio>    
struct Group {
    int x;
    int y;
    const char* s;
};

int main() 
{  
  Group group {
    .x = 1, 
    .y = 2, 
    .s = "Hello it works"
  };
  printf("%d, %d, %s", group.x, group.y, group.s);
}

你有

The standard initialization list address temp_address { /* street_no */, /* street_name */, ... /* postal_code */ }; address temp_address2 = { /* street_no */, /* street_name */, ... /* postal_code */ } The dot notation address temp_address; temp_address.street_no = ...; temp_address.street_name = ...; ... temp_address.postal_code = ...; The designated aggregate initialization, where the initialization list contains that labels of each member of the structure (see documentation) available from C++20 onward. Treating a struct like a C++ class - in C++ structures are actually special types of classes, where all members are public (unlike a standard C++ class where all members are private if not specified otherwise explicitly) as well as that when using inheritance they default to public: struct Address { int street_no; ... char* postal_code; Address (int _street_no, ... , char* _postal_code) : street_no(_street_no), ... postal_code(_postal_code) {} } ... Address temp_address ( /* street_no */, ..., /* postal_code */);

当涉及到初始化结构的方式时，你应该考虑以下方面:

Portability - different compilers, different degree of C++ standard completeness and different C++ standards altogether do limit your options. If you have to work with let's say a C++11 compiler but want to use the C++20 designated aggregate initialization you are out of luck Readability - what is more readable: temp_address.city = "Toronto" or temp_address { ..., "Toronto", ... }? Readability of your code is very important. Especially when you have large structures (worse - nested ones), having unlabeled values all over the place is just asking for trouble Scalability - anything that depends on a specific order is not a good idea. The same goes for lack of labels. You want to move a member up or down the address space of the structure? Good luck with an unlabeled initialization list (hunting down swapped values in structure initialization is a nightmare)... You want to add a new member? Again good luck with anything that depends on a specific order.

虽然点表示法意味着你输入更多，但你从使用它中得到的好处超过了这个问题，因此我建议你使用它，除非你有一个小的结构，它的结构缺乏变化，在这种情况下，你可以使用一个初始化列表。记住:无论何时与他人合作，编写易于遵循的代码都是至关重要的。

字段标识符实际上是C初始化式语法。在c++中，只需要按正确的顺序给出值，而不需要字段名。不幸的是，这意味着你需要给他们所有(实际上你可以省略后面的零值字段，结果将是相同的):

address temp_address = { 0, 0, "Hamilton", "Ontario", 0 };