给定两个包含范围[x1:x2]和[y1:y2]，其中x1≤x2和y1≤y2，测试这两个范围是否有重叠的最有效方法是什么?
一个简单的实现如下:
bool testOverlap(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2) {
return (x1 >= y1 && x1 <= y2) ||
(x2 >= y1 && x2 <= y2) ||
(y1 >= x1 && y1 <= x2) ||
(y2 >= x1 && y2 <= x2);
}
但是我希望有更有效的方法来计算这个。
就最少的操作而言，哪种方法是最有效的?
当前回答
从开始的最大值减去范围末端的最小值似乎可以达到目的。如果结果小于等于零，就有重叠。这很直观:
其他回答
从开始的最大值减去范围末端的最小值似乎可以达到目的。如果结果小于等于零，就有重叠。这很直观:
考虑到: (x1, x2) (y1, y2) 那么x1 <= y2 || x2 >= y1总是成立的。 作为
x1 ... x2
y1 .... y2
如果是x1 > y2，那么它们不重叠 或
x1 ... x2
y1 ... y2
如果x2 < y1，它们不重叠。
重叠(X, Y):= if (X1 <= Y1) then (Y1 <= X2) else (X1 <= Y2)。
证明:
考虑X在Y之前或与Y左对齐的情况，即X1 <= Y1。那么Y要么在X内部开始，要么在X的末尾开始，即Y1 <= X2;或者Y远离x，第一个条件是重叠;第二个，不是。
在互补的情况下，Y在X之前，同样的逻辑适用于交换的实体。
So,
重叠(X, Y):= if (X1 <= Y) then (Y1 <= X2) else重叠(Y, X)。
但这似乎并不完全正确。在递归调用中，第一个测试是多余的，因为我们已经从第一个调用的第一个测试中知道了实体的相对位置。因此，我们实际上只需要测试第二个条件，即交换后(X1 <= Y2)。所以,
重叠(X, Y):= if (X1 <= Y1) then (Y1 <= X2) else (X1 <= Y2)。
QED.
Ada的实现:
type Range_T is array (1 .. 2) of Integer;
function Overlap (X, Y: Range_T) return Boolean is
(if X(1) <= Y(1) then Y(1) <= X(2) else X(1) <= Y(2));
测试程序:
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Main is
type Range_T is array (1 .. 2) of Integer;
function Overlap (X, Y: Range_T) return Boolean is
(if X(1) <= Y(1) then Y(1) <= X(2) else X(1) <= Y(2));
function Img (X: Range_T) return String is
(" [" & X(1)'Img & X(2)'Img & " ] ");
procedure Test (X, Y: Range_T; Expect: Boolean) is
B: Boolean := Overlap (X, Y);
begin
Put_Line
(Img (X) & " and " & Img (Y) &
(if B then " overlap .......... "
else " do not overlap ... ") &
(if B = Expect then "PASS" else "FAIL"));
end;
begin
Test ( (1, 2), (2, 3), True); -- chained
Test ( (2, 3), (1, 2), True);
Test ( (4, 9), (5, 7), True); -- inside
Test ( (5, 7), (4, 9), True);
Test ( (1, 5), (3, 7), True); -- proper overlap
Test ( (3, 7), (1, 5), True);
Test ( (1, 2), (3, 4), False); -- back to back
Test ( (3, 4), (1, 2), False);
Test ( (1, 2), (5, 7), False); -- disjoint
Test ( (5, 7), (1, 2), False);
end;
以上程序输出:
[ 1 2 ] and [ 2 3 ] overlap .......... PASS
[ 2 3 ] and [ 1 2 ] overlap .......... PASS
[ 4 9 ] and [ 5 7 ] overlap .......... PASS
[ 5 7 ] and [ 4 9 ] overlap .......... PASS
[ 1 5 ] and [ 3 7 ] overlap .......... PASS
[ 3 7 ] and [ 1 5 ] overlap .......... PASS
[ 1 2 ] and [ 3 4 ] do not overlap ... PASS
[ 3 4 ] and [ 1 2 ] do not overlap ... PASS
[ 1 2 ] and [ 5 7 ] do not overlap ... PASS
[ 5 7 ] and [ 1 2 ] do not overlap ... PASS
这很容易扭曲正常人的大脑，所以我找到了一个更容易理解的视觉方法:
勒解释
如果两个范围“太胖”，无法放入正好是两者宽度之和的槽中，那么它们就会重叠。
对于范围[a1, a2]和[b1, b2]，这将是:
/**
* we are testing for:
* max point - min point < w1 + w2
**/
if max(a2, b2) - min(a1, b1) < (a2 - a1) + (b2 - b1) {
// too fat -- they overlap!
}
我想问题是关于最快的代码，而不是最短的代码。最快的版本必须避免分支，所以我们可以这样写:
对于简单的例子:
static inline bool check_ov1(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2){
// insetead of x1 < y2 && y1 < x2
return (bool)(((unsigned int)((y1-x2)&(x1-y2))) >> (sizeof(int)*8-1));
};
或者，对于这种情况:
static inline bool check_ov2(int x1, int x2, int y1, int y2){
// insetead of x1 <= y2 && y1 <= x2
return (bool)((((unsigned int)((x2-y1)|(y2-x1))) >> (sizeof(int)*8-1))^1);
};
