STL is a heavily optimized library. In fact, it's even suggested to use STL in games where high performance might be needed. Arrays are too error prone to be used in day to day tasks. Today's compilers are also very smart and can really produce excellent code with STL. If you know what you are doing, STL can usually provide the necessary performance. For example by initializing vectors to required size (if you know from start), you can basically achieve the array performance. However, there might be cases where you still need arrays. When interfacing with low level code (i.e. assembly) or old libraries that require arrays, you might not be able to use vectors.

关于杜里的贡献和我自己的测量。

结论是整数数组比整数向量快(在我的例子中是5倍)。然而，对于更复杂/未对齐的数据，数组和向量的速度大致相同。

有时候数组确实比向量好。如果你总是在操纵别人 固定长度的对象集合，数组更好。考虑下面的代码片段:

int main() {
int v[3];
v[0]=1; v[1]=2;v[2]=3;
int sum;
int starttime=time(NULL);
cout << starttime << endl;
for (int i=0;i<50000;i++)
for (int j=0;j<10000;j++) {
X x(v);
sum+=x.first();
}
int endtime=time(NULL);
cout << endtime << endl;
cout << endtime - starttime << endl;

}

X的向量在哪里

class X {
vector<int> vec;
public:
X(const vector<int>& v) {vec = v;}
int first() { return vec[0];}
};

X的数组版本为:

class X {
int f[3];

public:
X(int a[]) {f[0]=a[0]; f[1]=a[1];f[2]=a[2];}
int first() { return f[0];}
};

数组版本的main()将更快，因为我们避免了 每次在内部循环中“new”的开销。

(此代码由我发布到comp.lang.c++)。

STL is a heavily optimized library. In fact, it's even suggested to use STL in games where high performance might be needed. Arrays are too error prone to be used in day to day tasks. Today's compilers are also very smart and can really produce excellent code with STL. If you know what you are doing, STL can usually provide the necessary performance. For example by initializing vectors to required size (if you know from start), you can basically achieve the array performance. However, there might be cases where you still need arrays. When interfacing with low level code (i.e. assembly) or old libraries that require arrays, you might not be able to use vectors.

当你想要一个未初始化的缓冲区(例如用作memcpy()的目标)时，使用std::vector与使用raw数组肯定会有性能影响。vector将使用默认构造函数初始化其所有元素。原始数组则不会。

c++规范中std:vector构造函数接受count参数(这是第三种形式):

从各种数据源构造一个新容器，可选地使用用户提供的分配器alloc。

使用默认插入的t的count个实例构造容器。

复杂性

2-3)计数线性

原始数组不会产生这种初始化代价。

注意，使用自定义分配器，可以避免vector元素的“初始化”(即使用默认初始化而不是值初始化)。请看这些问题了解更多细节:

这是c++ 11和Boost下vector::resize(size_type n)的行为吗?容器正确吗? 如何避免std::vector<>来初始化它的所有元素?

如果在调试模式下编译软件，许多编译器将不会内联vector的访问器函数。这将使stl向量的实现在性能有问题的情况下变得更慢。它还将使代码更容易调试，因为您可以在调试器中看到分配了多少内存。

在优化模式下，我希望stl向量接近数组的效率。这是因为许多vector方法现在都内联了。