添加路径变量到OS X Lion

这是非常直接的，对我来说很有用，在终端:

$echo "export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/whatever" >> .bash_profile #replace "/path/to/whatever" with the location of what you want to add to your bash profile, i.e: $ echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.0.12/sbin" >> .bash_profile 
$. .bash_profile #restart your bash shell

类似的回复在这里:http://www.mac-forums.com/forums/os-x-operating-system/255324-problems-setting-path-variable-lion.html#post1317516

Your .profile or .bash_profile are simply files that are present in your "home" folder. If you open a Finder window and click your account name in the Favorites pane, you won't see them. If you open a Terminal window and type ls to list files you still won't see them. However, you can find them by using ls -a in the terminal. Or if you open your favorite text editor (say TextEdit since it comes with OS X) and do File->Open and then press Command+Shift+. and click on your account name (home folder) you will see them as well. If you do not see them, then you can create one in your favorite text editor.

现在，添加环境变量相对简单，在概念上与窗口非常相似。在你的.profile中，每行添加一个变量名和它的值，如下所示:

export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/Home
export JRE_HOME=/Library/Java/Home

etc.

如果你正在修改你的"PATH"变量，请确保包含系统已经为你设置的默认PATH:

export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/my/stuff

现在是奇怪的部分，您可以打开一个新的终端窗口以使新变量生效，或者您需要键入.profile或.bash_profile来重新加载文件，并将内容应用到当前终端的环境中。

您可以在终端中使用“set”命令检查更改是否生效。只需输入set(如果您喜欢分页列表，可以再设置|)，并确保您添加到文件中的内容。

至于在GUI应用程序中添加环境变量，这通常是不必要的，我想听到更多关于你正在具体尝试做什么，以便更好地给你一个答案。

建议在设置任何环境变量之前检查默认的终端shell，通过以下命令:

$ echo $SHELL
/bin/zsh

如果您的默认终端是/bin/zsh (Z Shell)，就像我的情况(个人更喜欢Z Shell)一样，那么您应该在~/中设置这些环境变量。zshenv文件，内容如下(本例中设置JAVA_HOME环境变量，其他情况相同):

export JAVA_HOME="$(/usr/libexec/java_home)"

类似地，上面没有提到的任何其他终端类型，都应该在其各自的终端env文件中设置环境变量。

以下是Lion OS 10.7.x中关于PATH变量的更多信息:

如果需要全局设置PATH，则PATH由系统按照如下顺序构建:

Parsing the contents of the file /private/etc/paths, one path per line Parsing the contents of the folder /private/etc/paths.d. Each file in that folder can contain multiple paths, one path per line. Load order is determined by the file name first, and then the order of the lines in the file. A setenv PATH statement in /private/etc/launchd.conf, which will append that path to the path already built in #1 and #2 (you must not use $PATH to reference the PATH variable that has been built so far). But, setting the PATH here is completely unnecessary given the other two options, although this is the place where other global environment variables can be set for all users.

这些路径和变量由所有用户和应用程序继承，因此它们是真正的全局路径——登出和登录不会重置这些路径——它们是为系统构建的，是在任何用户有机会登录之前创建的，因此对这些路径的更改需要重新启动系统才能生效。

顺便说一句，OS 10.7的干净安装。狮子没有环境。我可以找到plist，所以它可能工作，但也可能被弃用。

在Mac OS上设置PATH环境变量

打开终端程序(默认在应用程序/实用程序文件夹中)。 运行以下命令

touch ~/.bash_profile; open ~/.bash_profile

这将在默认文本编辑器中打开文件。

ANDROID SDK为例:

你需要添加路径到你的Android SDK平台工具和工具目录。在我的例子中，我将使用“/Development/android-sdk-macosx”作为SDK的安装目录。增加如下一行:

export PATH=${PATH}:/Development/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools:/Development/android-sdk-macosx/tools

保存文件并退出文本编辑器。 执行.bash_profile来更新PATH。

source ~/.bash_profile

现在，每次你打开终端程序，你的PATH将包括Android SDK。

更多细节，这可能会对某人有所帮助:

Due to my own explorations, I now know how to set environment variables in 7 of 8 different ways. I was trying to get an envar through to an application I'm developing under Xcode. I set "tracer" envars using these different methods to tell me which ones get it into the scope of my application. From the below, you can see that editing the "scheme" in Xcode to add arguments works, as does "putenv". What didn't set it in that scope: ~/.MACOS/environment.plist, app-specific plist, .profile, and adding a build phase to run a custom script (I found another way in Xcode [at least] to set one but forgot what I called the tracer and can't find it now; maybe it's on another machine....)

GPU_DUMP_DEVICE_KERNEL为3

GPU_DUMP_TRK_ENVPLIST是(null)

GPU_DUMP_TRK_APPPLIST是(null)

GPU_DUMP_TRK_DOTPROFILE是(null)

GPU_DUMP_TRK_RUNSCRIPT是(null)

GPU_DUMP_TRK_SCHARGS为1

GPU_DUMP_TRK_PUTENV为1

．.． 另一方面，如果我进入终端并说“设置”，它似乎唯一得到的是一个来自.profile(我本以为它会捡到环境。plist也是，而且我确信我曾经在终端中看到第二个跟踪程序envar，所以从那以后可能有什么东西不稳定了。漫长的一天……)