当有人说“编辑你的。plist文件”或“你的。profile”或“。Bash_profile”等等，这让我很困惑。我不知道这些文件在哪里，如果我必须这样做，如何创建它们，等等，以及为什么似乎有这么多不同的(为什么?)他们做不同的事情吗?)
所以，谁能非常耐心地向以前的Windows用户(迫切地想要更加熟悉最初有点困惑的OS X世界)解释如何一步一步地做到这一点?
我需要为GUI应用程序和命令行应用程序设置变量，目前是为需要变量的ant脚本设置变量，但很可能还有其他需求。
请注意，我也有Lion，因为你在谷歌上得到的许多答案似乎已经过时了…
还要注意，我几乎没有使用终端的经验。我愿意学习，但请为一个新手解释一下……
当前回答
Your .profile or .bash_profile are simply files that are present in your "home" folder. If you open a Finder window and click your account name in the Favorites pane, you won't see them. If you open a Terminal window and type ls to list files you still won't see them. However, you can find them by using ls -a in the terminal. Or if you open your favorite text editor (say TextEdit since it comes with OS X) and do File->Open and then press Command+Shift+. and click on your account name (home folder) you will see them as well. If you do not see them, then you can create one in your favorite text editor.
现在，添加环境变量相对简单，在概念上与窗口非常相似。在你的.profile中，每行添加一个变量名和它的值，如下所示:
export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/Home
export JRE_HOME=/Library/Java/Home
etc.
如果你正在修改你的"PATH"变量，请确保包含系统已经为你设置的默认PATH:
export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/my/stuff
现在是奇怪的部分，您可以打开一个新的终端窗口以使新变量生效，或者您需要键入.profile或.bash_profile来重新加载文件，并将内容应用到当前终端的环境中。
您可以在终端中使用“set”命令检查更改是否生效。只需输入set(如果您喜欢分页列表，可以再设置|)，并确保您添加到文件中的内容。
至于在GUI应用程序中添加环境变量，这通常是不必要的，我想听到更多关于你正在具体尝试做什么，以便更好地给你一个答案。
其他回答
步骤1:打开~/.bash_profile
现在打开一个文本编辑器:
Step2:变量名应为大写。本例中的变量为NODE_ENV
步骤3:导出NODE_ENV=development
保存并关闭。
重新启动系统。
完成了。
查看env变量:打开终端并输入
echo $NODE_ENV
让我用我个人的例子，用一种非常多余的方式来说明。
First after installing JDK, make sure it's installed. Sometimes macOS or Linux automatically sets up environment variable for you unlike Windows. But that's not the case always. So let's check it. The line immediately after echo $JAVA_HOME would be empty if the environment variable is not set. It must be empty in your case. Now we need to check if we have bash_profile file. You saw that in my case we already have bash_profile. If not we have to create a bash_profile file. Create a bash_profile file. Check again to make sure bash_profile file is there. Now let's open bash_profile file. macOS opens it using it's default TextEdit program. This is the file where environment variables are kept. If you have opened a new bash_profile file, it must be empty. In my case, it was already set for python programming language and Anaconda distribution. Now, i need to add environment variable for Java which is just adding the first line. YOU MUST TYPE the first line VERBATIM. JUST the first line. Save and close the TextEdit. Then close the terminal. Open the terminal again. Let's check if the environment variable is set up.
Your .profile or .bash_profile are simply files that are present in your "home" folder. If you open a Finder window and click your account name in the Favorites pane, you won't see them. If you open a Terminal window and type ls to list files you still won't see them. However, you can find them by using ls -a in the terminal. Or if you open your favorite text editor (say TextEdit since it comes with OS X) and do File->Open and then press Command+Shift+. and click on your account name (home folder) you will see them as well. If you do not see them, then you can create one in your favorite text editor.
现在，添加环境变量相对简单，在概念上与窗口非常相似。在你的.profile中，每行添加一个变量名和它的值，如下所示:
export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/Home
export JRE_HOME=/Library/Java/Home
etc.
如果你正在修改你的"PATH"变量，请确保包含系统已经为你设置的默认PATH:
export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/my/stuff
现在是奇怪的部分，您可以打开一个新的终端窗口以使新变量生效，或者您需要键入.profile或.bash_profile来重新加载文件，并将内容应用到当前终端的环境中。
您可以在终端中使用“set”命令检查更改是否生效。只需输入set(如果您喜欢分页列表，可以再设置|)，并确保您添加到文件中的内容。
至于在GUI应用程序中添加环境变量，这通常是不必要的，我想听到更多关于你正在具体尝试做什么，以便更好地给你一个答案。
添加路径变量到OS X Lion
这是非常直接的，对我来说很有用，在终端:
$echo "export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/whatever" >> .bash_profile #replace "/path/to/whatever" with the location of what you want to add to your bash profile, i.e: $ echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.0.12/sbin" >> .bash_profile
$. .bash_profile #restart your bash shell
类似的回复在这里:http://www.mac-forums.com/forums/os-x-operating-system/255324-problems-setting-path-variable-lion.html#post1317516
在Mac OS上设置PATH环境变量
打开终端程序(默认在应用程序/实用程序文件夹中)。 运行以下命令
touch ~/.bash_profile; open ~/.bash_profile
这将在默认文本编辑器中打开文件。
ANDROID SDK为例:
你需要添加路径到你的Android SDK平台工具和工具目录。在我的例子中，我将使用“/Development/android-sdk-macosx”作为SDK的安装目录。增加如下一行:
export PATH=${PATH}:/Development/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools:/Development/android-sdk-macosx/tools
保存文件并退出文本编辑器。 执行.bash_profile来更新PATH。
source ~/.bash_profile
现在，每次你打开终端程序，你的PATH将包括Android SDK。
