“其他”选项可以是让find方法接受一个带有默认对象的附加参数，如果无法找到所寻找的对象，将返回该默认对象。

否则，我只返回null，除非它确实是一个例外的情况，当对象没有找到。

不要认为任何人都提到了异常处理中的开销——需要额外的资源来加载和处理异常，所以除非它是一个真正的应用程序杀死或进程停止事件(继续下去会造成更多的伤害而不是好处)，否则我会选择返回一个调用环境可以解释为它认为合适的值。

这取决于你是否希望找到这个物体。如果你遵循学校的思想，认为exceptions应该用来表示某事，那么，嗯，呃，exceptions已经发生了:

对象发现;返回对象 没有找到对象;抛出异常

否则，返回null。

与您正在使用的API保持一致。

如果没有找到它是一个异常事件(即在正常情况下它应该在那里)，那么就扔掉它。否则，返回一个“notfound”值(可以为空，但不一定)，或者甚至让方法返回一个布尔值来表示found/notfound，并为实际对象返回一个out参数。

抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/