如何迭代由空格分隔的单词组成的字符串中的单词？
注意，我对C字符串函数或那种字符操作/访问不感兴趣。比起效率，我更喜欢优雅。我当前的解决方案：
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string s = "Somewhere down the road";
istringstream iss(s);
do {
string subs;
iss >> subs;
cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;
} while (iss);
}
当前回答
值得一提的是，这里有另一种从输入字符串中提取令牌的方法，仅依赖于标准库设施。这是STL设计背后力量和优雅的一个例子。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
int main() {
using namespace std;
string sentence = "And I feel fine...";
istringstream iss(sentence);
copy(istream_iterator<string>(iss),
istream_iterator<string>(),
ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n"));
}
可以使用相同的通用复制算法将提取的令牌插入到容器中，而不是将其复制到输出流中。
vector<string> tokens;
copy(istream_iterator<string>(iss),
istream_iterator<string>(),
back_inserter(tokens));
…或直接创建矢量：
vector<string> tokens{istream_iterator<string>{iss},
istream_iterator<string>{}};
其他回答
这类似于堆栈溢出问题：如何在C++中标记字符串？。需要Boost外部库
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
string text = "token test\tstring";
char_separator<char> sep(" \t");
tokenizer<char_separator<char>> tokens(text, sep);
for (const string& t : tokens)
{
cout << t << "." << endl;
}
}
我喜欢将boost/regex方法用于此任务，因为它们为指定拆分条件提供了最大的灵活性。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <boost/regex.hpp>
int main() {
std::string line("A:::line::to:split");
const boost::regex re(":+"); // one or more colons
// -1 means find inverse matches aka split
boost::sregex_token_iterator tokens(line.begin(),line.end(),re,-1);
boost::sregex_token_iterator end;
for (; tokens != end; ++tokens)
std::cout << *tokens << std::endl;
}
下面的代码使用strtok（）将字符串拆分为标记，并将标记存储在向量中。
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
char one_line_string[] = "hello hi how are you nice weather we are having ok then bye";
char seps[] = " ,\t\n";
char *token;
int main()
{
vector<string> vec_String_Lines;
token = strtok( one_line_string, seps );
cout << "Extracting and storing data in a vector..\n\n\n";
while( token != NULL )
{
vec_String_Lines.push_back(token);
token = strtok( NULL, seps );
}
cout << "Displaying end result in vector line storage..\n\n";
for ( int i = 0; i < vec_String_Lines.size(); ++i)
cout << vec_String_Lines[i] << "\n";
cout << "\n\n\n";
return 0;
}
我刚刚写了一个很好的例子，说明如何按符号拆分一个字符，然后将每个字符数组（由符号分隔的单词）放入一个向量中。为了简单起见，我创建了std字符串的向量类型。
我希望这对你有帮助，并且对你可读。
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
void push(std::vector<std::string> &WORDS, std::string &TMP){
WORDS.push_back(TMP);
TMP = "";
}
std::vector<std::string> mySplit(char STRING[]){
std::vector<std::string> words;
std::string s;
for(unsigned short i = 0; i < strlen(STRING); i++){
if(STRING[i] != ' '){
s += STRING[i];
}else{
push(words, s);
}
}
push(words, s);//Used to get last split
return words;
}
int main(){
char string[] = "My awesome string.";
std::cout << mySplit(string)[2];
std::cin.get();
return 0;
}
我使用以下代码：
namespace Core
{
typedef std::wstring String;
void SplitString(const Core::String& input, const Core::String& splitter, std::list<Core::String>& output)
{
if (splitter.empty())
{
throw std::invalid_argument(); // for example
}
std::list<Core::String> lines;
Core::String::size_type offset = 0;
for (;;)
{
Core::String::size_type splitterPos = input.find(splitter, offset);
if (splitterPos != Core::String::npos)
{
lines.push_back(input.substr(offset, splitterPos - offset));
offset = splitterPos + splitter.size();
}
else
{
lines.push_back(input.substr(offset));
break;
}
}
lines.swap(output);
}
}
// gtest:
class SplitStringTest: public testing::Test
{
};
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, EmptyStringAndSplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
ASSERT_ANY_THROW(Core::SplitString(Core::String(), Core::String(), result));
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, NonEmptyStringAndEmptySplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
ASSERT_ANY_THROW(Core::SplitString(L"xy", Core::String(), result));
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, EmptyStringAndNonEmptySplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(Core::String(), Core::String(L","), result);
ASSERT_EQ(1, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, OneCharSplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(L"x,y", L",", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"y", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L",xy", L",", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"xy", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L"xy,", L",", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"xy", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.rbegin());
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, TwoCharsSplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(L"x,.y,z", L",.", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"y,z", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L"x,,y,z", L",,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"y,z", *result.rbegin());
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, RecursiveSplitter)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(L",,,", L",,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L",", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L",.,.,", L",.,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L".,", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L"x,.,.,y", L",.,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L".,y", *result.rbegin());
Core::SplitString(L",.,,.,", L",.,", result);
ASSERT_EQ(3, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *(++result.begin()));
ASSERT_EQ(Core::String(), *result.rbegin());
}
TEST_F(SplitStringTest, NullTerminators)
{
std::list<Core::String> result;
Core::SplitString(L"xy", Core::String(L"\0", 1), result);
ASSERT_EQ(1, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"xy", *result.begin());
Core::SplitString(Core::String(L"x\0y", 3), Core::String(L"\0", 1), result);
ASSERT_EQ(2, result.size());
ASSERT_EQ(L"x", *result.begin());
ASSERT_EQ(L"y", *result.rbegin());
}
