如何迭代由空格分隔的单词组成的字符串中的单词?

注意,我对C字符串函数或那种字符操作/访问不感兴趣。比起效率,我更喜欢优雅。我当前的解决方案:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string s = "Somewhere down the road";
    istringstream iss(s);

    do {
        string subs;
        iss >> subs;
        cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;
    } while (iss);
}

当前回答

我刚刚写了一个很好的例子,说明如何按符号拆分一个字符,然后将每个字符数组(由符号分隔的单词)放入一个向量中。为了简单起见,我创建了std字符串的向量类型。

我希望这对你有帮助,并且对你可读。

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

void push(std::vector<std::string> &WORDS, std::string &TMP){
    WORDS.push_back(TMP);
    TMP = "";
}
std::vector<std::string> mySplit(char STRING[]){
        std::vector<std::string> words;
        std::string s;
        for(unsigned short i = 0; i < strlen(STRING); i++){
            if(STRING[i] != ' '){
                s += STRING[i];
            }else{
                push(words, s);
            }
        }
        push(words, s);//Used to get last split
        return words;
}

int main(){
    char string[] = "My awesome string.";
    std::cout << mySplit(string)[2];
    std::cin.get();
    return 0;
}

其他回答

我相信还没有人发布这个解决方案。与其直接使用分隔符,它基本上与boost::split()相同,即它允许您传递一个谓词,如果字符是分隔符,则返回true,否则返回false。我认为这给了程序员更多的控制,最棒的是你不需要提升。

template <class Container, class String, class Predicate>
void split(Container& output, const String& input,
           const Predicate& pred, bool trimEmpty = false) {
    auto it = begin(input);
    auto itLast = it;
    while (it = find_if(it, end(input), pred), it != end(input)) {
        if (not (trimEmpty and it == itLast)) {
            output.emplace_back(itLast, it);
        }
        ++it;
        itLast = it;
    }
}

然后可以这样使用:

struct Delim {
    bool operator()(char c) {
        return not isalpha(c);
    }
};    

int main() {
    string s("#include<iostream>\n"
             "int main() { std::cout << \"Hello world!\" << std::endl; }");

    vector<string> v;

    split(v, s, Delim(), true);
    /* Which is also the same as */
    split(v, s, [](char c) { return not isalpha(c); }, true);

    for (const auto& i : v) {
        cout << i << endl;
    }
}

到目前为止,我在Boost中使用了这个,但我需要一些不依赖它的东西,所以我得出了这个结论:

static void Split(std::vector<std::string>& lst, const std::string& input, const std::string& separators, bool remove_empty = true)
{
    std::ostringstream word;
    for (size_t n = 0; n < input.size(); ++n)
    {
        if (std::string::npos == separators.find(input[n]))
            word << input[n];
        else
        {
            if (!word.str().empty() || !remove_empty)
                lst.push_back(word.str());
            word.str("");
        }
    }
    if (!word.str().empty() || !remove_empty)
        lst.push_back(word.str());
}

好的一点是,在分隔符中可以传递多个字符。

这里有一个仅使用标准正则表达式库的正则表达式解决方案。(我有点生疏,所以可能会有一些语法错误,但这至少是一般的想法)

#include <regex.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <vector.h>

using namespace std;

vector<string> split(string s){
    regex r ("\\w+"); //regex matches whole words, (greedy, so no fragment words)
    regex_iterator<string::iterator> rit ( s.begin(), s.end(), r );
    regex_iterator<string::iterator> rend; //iterators to iterate thru words
    vector<string> result<regex_iterator>(rit, rend);
    return result;  //iterates through the matches to fill the vector
}

另一种灵活快速的方式

template<typename Operator>
void tokenize(Operator& op, const char* input, const char* delimiters) {
  const char* s = input;
  const char* e = s;
  while (*e != 0) {
    e = s;
    while (*e != 0 && strchr(delimiters, *e) == 0) ++e;
    if (e - s > 0) {
      op(s, e - s);
    }
    s = e + 1;
  }
}

要将其与字符串向量一起使用(编辑:由于有人指出不继承STL类…hrmf;):

template<class ContainerType>
class Appender {
public:
  Appender(ContainerType& container) : container_(container) {;}
  void operator() (const char* s, unsigned length) { 
    container_.push_back(std::string(s,length));
  }
private:
  ContainerType& container_;
};

std::vector<std::string> strVector;
Appender v(strVector);
tokenize(v, "A number of words to be tokenized", " \t");

就是这样!这只是使用tokenizer的一种方式,比如如何计数单词:

class WordCounter {
public:
  WordCounter() : noOfWords(0) {}
  void operator() (const char*, unsigned) {
    ++noOfWords;
  }
  unsigned noOfWords;
};

WordCounter wc;
tokenize(wc, "A number of words to be counted", " \t"); 
ASSERT( wc.noOfWords == 7 );

受限于想象力;)

如果您需要通过非空格符号解析字符串,则字符串流可能很方便:

string s = "Name:JAck; Spouse:Susan; ...";
string dummy, name, spouse;

istringstream iss(s);
getline(iss, dummy, ':');
getline(iss, name, ';');
getline(iss, dummy, ':');
getline(iss, spouse, ';')