如何迭代由空格分隔的单词组成的字符串中的单词？
注意，我对C字符串函数或那种字符操作/访问不感兴趣。比起效率，我更喜欢优雅。我当前的解决方案：
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string s = "Somewhere down the road";
istringstream iss(s);
do {
string subs;
iss >> subs;
cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;
} while (iss);
}
当前回答
这是一个顶级答案的扩展。它现在支持设置返回元素的最大数量N。字符串的最后一位将在第N个元素中结束。MAXELEMENTS参数是可选的，如果设置为默认值0，它将返回无限数量的元素。：-）
.h:
class Myneatclass {
public:
static std::vector<std::string>& split(const std::string &s, char delim, std::vector<std::string> &elems, const size_t MAXELEMENTS = 0);
static std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string &s, char delim, const size_t MAXELEMENTS = 0);
};
.cpp：
std::vector<std::string>& Myneatclass::split(const std::string &s, char delim, std::vector<std::string> &elems, const size_t MAXELEMENTS) {
std::stringstream ss(s);
std::string item;
while (std::getline(ss, item, delim)) {
elems.push_back(item);
if (MAXELEMENTS > 0 && !ss.eof() && elems.size() + 1 >= MAXELEMENTS) {
std::getline(ss, item);
elems.push_back(item);
break;
}
}
return elems;
}
std::vector<std::string> Myneatclass::split(const std::string &s, char delim, const size_t MAXELEMENTS) {
std::vector<std::string> elems;
split(s, delim, elems, MAXELEMENTS);
return elems;
}
其他回答
我喜欢下面的代码，因为它将结果放入一个向量中，支持字符串作为delim，并控制保持空值。但是，那时候看起来不太好。
#include <ostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
vector<string> split(const string& s, const string& delim, const bool keep_empty = true) {
vector<string> result;
if (delim.empty()) {
result.push_back(s);
return result;
}
string::const_iterator substart = s.begin(), subend;
while (true) {
subend = search(substart, s.end(), delim.begin(), delim.end());
string temp(substart, subend);
if (keep_empty || !temp.empty()) {
result.push_back(temp);
}
if (subend == s.end()) {
break;
}
substart = subend + delim.size();
}
return result;
}
int main() {
const vector<string> words = split("So close no matter how far", " ");
copy(words.begin(), words.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n"));
}
当然，Boost有一个split（），它的部分功能与此类似。而且，如果“空白”是指任何类型的空白，那么使用Boost的split和is_any_of（）都非常有用。
我已经使用strtok滚动了自己的代码，并使用boost拆分了一个字符串。我找到的最好的方法是C++字符串工具包库。它非常灵活和快速。
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <strtk.hpp>
const char *whitespace = " \t\r\n\f";
const char *whitespace_and_punctuation = " \t\r\n\f;,=";
int main()
{
{ // normal parsing of a string into a vector of strings
std::string s("Somewhere down the road");
std::vector<std::string> result;
if( strtk::parse( s, whitespace, result ) )
{
for(size_t i = 0; i < result.size(); ++i )
std::cout << result[i] << std::endl;
}
}
{ // parsing a string into a vector of floats with other separators
// besides spaces
std::string s("3.0, 3.14; 4.0");
std::vector<float> values;
if( strtk::parse( s, whitespace_and_punctuation, values ) )
{
for(size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); ++i )
std::cout << values[i] << std::endl;
}
}
{ // parsing a string into specific variables
std::string s("angle = 45; radius = 9.9");
std::string w1, w2;
float v1, v2;
if( strtk::parse( s, whitespace_and_punctuation, w1, v1, w2, v2) )
{
std::cout << "word " << w1 << ", value " << v1 << std::endl;
std::cout << "word " << w2 << ", value " << v2 << std::endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
该工具包比这个简单示例显示的灵活性要高得多，但它在将字符串解析为有用元素方面的实用性令人难以置信。
使用std:：string_view和Eric Niebler的range-v3库：
https://wandbox.org/permlink/kW5lwRCL1pxjp2pW
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include "range/v3/view.hpp"
#include "range/v3/algorithm.hpp"
int main() {
std::string s = "Somewhere down the range v3 library";
ranges::for_each(s
| ranges::view::split(' ')
| ranges::view::transform([](auto &&sub) {
return std::string_view(&*sub.begin(), ranges::distance(sub));
}),
[](auto s) {std::cout << "Substring: " << s << "\n";}
);
}
通过使用循环的范围而不是范围：：for_each算法：
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include "range/v3/view.hpp"
int main()
{
std::string str = "Somewhere down the range v3 library";
for (auto s : str | ranges::view::split(' ')
| ranges::view::transform([](auto&& sub) { return std::string_view(&*sub.begin(), ranges::distance(sub)); }
))
{
std::cout << "Substring: " << s << "\n";
}
}
如果您需要通过非空格符号解析字符串，则字符串流可能很方便：
string s = "Name:JAck; Spouse:Susan; ...";
string dummy, name, spouse;
istringstream iss(s);
getline(iss, dummy, ':');
getline(iss, name, ';');
getline(iss, dummy, ':');
getline(iss, spouse, ';')
LazyString拆分器：
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <unordered_set>
using namespace std;
class LazyStringSplitter
{
string::const_iterator start, finish;
unordered_set<char> chop;
public:
// Empty Constructor
explicit LazyStringSplitter()
{}
explicit LazyStringSplitter (const string cstr, const string delims)
: start(cstr.begin())
, finish(cstr.end())
, chop(delims.begin(), delims.end())
{}
void operator () (const string cstr, const string delims)
{
chop.insert(delims.begin(), delims.end());
start = cstr.begin();
finish = cstr.end();
}
bool empty() const { return (start >= finish); }
string next()
{
// return empty string
// if ran out of characters
if (empty())
return string("");
auto runner = find_if(start, finish, [&](char c) {
return chop.count(c) == 1;
});
// construct next string
string ret(start, runner);
start = runner + 1;
// Never return empty string
// + tail recursion makes this method efficient
return !ret.empty() ? ret : next();
}
};
我将此方法称为LazyStringSplitter是因为一个原因——它不会一次性拆分字符串。本质上，它的行为类似于python生成器它公开了一个名为next的方法，该方法返回从原始字符串拆分的下一个字符串我使用了c++11STL中的无序集，因此查找分隔符的速度要快得多下面是它的工作原理
测试程序
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
LazyStringSplitter splitter;
// split at the characters ' ', '!', '.', ','
splitter("This, is a string. And here is another string! Let's test and see how well this does.", " !.,");
while (!splitter.empty())
cout << splitter.next() << endl;
return 0;
}
输出，输出
This
is
a
string
And
here
is
another
string
Let's
test
and
see
how
well
this
does
改进这一点的下一个计划是实施开始和结束方法，以便可以执行以下操作：
vector<string> split_string(splitter.begin(), splitter.end());
