通过所有的喋喋不休，简短的回答是，如果你在编译时打开优化，你不会做得比下面更好:

int i,value=5,array[1000]; 
for(i=0;i<1000;i++) array[i]=value; 

额外的好处:代码实际上是易读的:)

int i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; ++i)
{
  myArray[i] = VALUE;
}

我觉得这比

int myArray[10] = { 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5...

以防数组的大小发生变化。

对于延迟初始化(即类成员构造函数初始化)，请考虑:

int a[4];

unsigned int size = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size; i++)
  a[i] = 0;

如果预先知道数组的大小，可以使用Boost预处理器C_ARRAY_INITIALIZE宏来为你做这项脏工作:

#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum.hpp>
#define C_ARRAY_ELEMENT(z, index, name) name[index]
#define C_ARRAY_EXPAND(name,size) BOOST_PP_ENUM(size,C_ARRAY_ELEMENT,name)
#define C_ARRAY_VALUE(z, index, value) value
#define C_ARRAY_INITIALIZE(value,size) BOOST_PP_ENUM(size,C_ARRAY_VALUE,value)

我知道最初的问题明确地提到了C而不是c++，但如果你(像我一样)来这里寻找c++数组的解决方案，这里有一个巧妙的技巧:

如果你的编译器支持fold表达式，你可以使用template magic和std::index_sequence生成一个包含你想要的值的初始化列表。你甚至可以把它想象成一个老板:

#include <array>

/// [3]
/// This functions's only purpose is to ignore the index given as the second
/// template argument and to always produce the value passed in.
template<class T, size_t /*ignored*/>
constexpr T identity_func(const T& value) {
    return value;
}

/// [2]
/// At this point, we have a list of indices that we can unfold
/// into an initializer list using the `identity_func` above.
template<class T, size_t... Indices>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Indices)>
make_array_of_impl(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Indices...>) {
    return {identity_func<T, Indices>(value)...};
}

/// [1]
/// This is the user-facing function.
/// The template arguments are swapped compared to the order used
/// for std::array, this way we can let the compiler infer the type
/// from the given value but still define it explicitly if we want to.
template<size_t Size, class T>
constexpr std::array<T, Size> 
make_array_of(const T& value) {
    using Indices = std::make_index_sequence<Size>;
    return make_array_of_impl(value, Indices{});
}

// std::array<int, 4>{42, 42, 42, 42}
constexpr auto test_array = make_array_of<4/*, int*/>(42);
static_assert(test_array[0] == 42);
static_assert(test_array[1] == 42);
static_assert(test_array[2] == 42);
static_assert(test_array[3] == 42);
// static_assert(test_array[4] == 42); out of bounds

您可以查看工作中的代码(在Wandbox中)

有一个快速的方法来初始化任何类型的数组与给定的值。它在大型阵列上工作得非常好。算法如下:

初始化数组的第一个元素(通常的方式) 将已设置的部分复制为未设置的部分，每次复制操作都将大小增加一倍

对于1 000 000个数组元素，它比常规循环初始化快4倍(i5, 2核，2.3 GHz, 4GiB内存，64位):

循环运行时间0.004248[秒]

Memfill()运行时间0.001085[秒]

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ARR_SIZE 1000000

void memfill(void *dest, size_t destsize, size_t elemsize) {
   char   *nextdest = (char *) dest + elemsize;
   size_t movesize, donesize = elemsize;

   destsize -= elemsize;
   while (destsize) {
      movesize = (donesize < destsize) ? donesize : destsize;
      memcpy(nextdest, dest, movesize);
      nextdest += movesize; destsize -= movesize; donesize += movesize;
   }
}    
int main() {
    clock_t timeStart;
    double  runTime;
    int     i, a[ARR_SIZE];

    timeStart = clock();
    for (i = 0; i < ARR_SIZE; i++)
        a[i] = 9;    
    runTime = (double)(clock() - timeStart) / (double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
    printf("loop runtime %f [seconds]\n",runTime);

    timeStart = clock();
    a[0] = 10;
    memfill(a, sizeof(a), sizeof(a[0]));
    runTime = (double)(clock() - timeStart) / (double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
    printf("memfill() runtime %f [seconds]\n",runTime);
    return 0;
}