想想这个例子:
class MyClass:
def func(self, name):
self.name = name
我知道self引用MyClass的特定实例。但是为什么func必须显式地包含self作为参数呢?为什么我们需要在方法的代码中使用self ?其他一些语言将其隐式化，或者使用特殊的语法。
有关设计决策的语言无关性考虑，请参见强制显式使用this/self指针的好处是什么?
要关闭OP省略方法的self形参并获得TypeError的调试问题，请使用TypeError: method()接受1个位置参数，但给出了2个。如果OP省略了self。在方法体中得到一个NameError，考虑如何在类中调用函数?
当前回答
The reason you need to use self. is because Python does not use special syntax to refer to instance attributes. Python decided to do methods in a way that makes the instance to which the method belongs be passed automatically, but not received automatically: the first parameter of methods is the instance the method is called on. That makes methods entirely the same as functions, and leaves the actual name to use up to you (although self is the convention, and people will generally frown at you when you use something else.) self is not special to the code, it's just another object.
Python could have done something else to distinguish normal names from attributes -- special syntax like Ruby has, or requiring declarations like C++ and Java do, or perhaps something yet more different -- but it didn't. Python's all for making things explicit, making it obvious what's what, and although it doesn't do it entirely everywhere, it does do it for instance attributes. That's why assigning to an instance attribute needs to know what instance to assign to, and that's why it needs self..
其他回答
自我是不可避免的。
问题是，self是隐式的还是显式的。 Guido van Rossum解决了这个问题说self必须留下来。
那么自我生活在哪里呢?
如果我们坚持函数式编程，我们就不需要self了。 一旦我们进入Python OOP，我们就会发现自己在那里。
下面是带有方法m1的典型用例类C
class C:
def m1(self, arg):
print(self, ' inside')
pass
ci =C()
print(ci, ' outside')
ci.m1(None)
print(hex(id(ci))) # hex memory address
这个程序将输出:
<__main__.C object at 0x000002B9D79C6CC0> outside
<__main__.C object at 0x000002B9D79C6CC0> inside
0x2b9d79c6cc0
self保存类实例的内存地址。 self的目的是保存实例方法的引用，并使我们能够显式地访问该引用。
注意有三种不同类型的类方法:
静态方法(读作:函数)， 类方法, 实例方法(已提到)。
它是对类实例对象的显式引用。
看看下面的例子，它清楚地解释了self的目的
class Restaurant(object):
bankrupt = False
def open_branch(self):
if not self.bankrupt:
print("branch opened")
#create instance1
>>> x = Restaurant()
>>> x.bankrupt
False
#create instance2
>>> y = Restaurant()
>>> y.bankrupt = True
>>> y.bankrupt
True
>>> x.bankrupt
False
Self用于/需要用于区分实例。
来源:python中的self变量解释- Pythontips
在__init__方法中，self指向新创建的对象;在其他类方法中，它引用被调用方法的实例。
自我，作为一个名字，只是一个惯例，你想怎么叫就怎么叫!但是当使用它时，例如删除对象，你必须使用相同的名称:__del__(var)，其中var在__init__(var，[…])中使用。
你也应该看一看cls，以获得更大的图景。这篇文章可能会有帮助。
当对象实例化时，对象本身被传递到self参数中。
因此，对象的数据被绑定到对象上。下面是一个示例，说明您可能希望如何可视化每个对象的数据。注意“self”是如何被对象名称替换的。我并不是说下面这个示例图是完全准确的，但希望它能在可视化self的使用方面起到一定的作用。
对象被传递到self参数中，这样对象就可以保存自己的数据。
Although this may not be wholly accurate, think of the process of instantiating an object like this: When an object is made it uses the class as a template for its own data and methods. Without passing it's own name into the self parameter, the attributes and methods in the class would remain as a general template and would not be referenced to (belong to) the object. So by passing the object's name into the self parameter it means that if 100 objects are instantiated from the one class, they can all keep track of their own data and methods.
如下图所示:
