首先，self是一个传统的名字，你可以用其他任何东西(连贯)来代替它。

它引用对象本身，因此当您使用它时，您声明.name和.age是您将要创建的Student对象(注意，不是Student类)的属性。

class Student:
    #called each time you create a new Student instance
    def __init__(self,name,age): #special method to initialize
        self.name=name
        self.age=age

    def __str__(self): #special method called for example when you use print
        return "Student %s is %s years old" %(self.name,self.age)

    def call(self, msg): #silly example for custom method
        return ("Hey, %s! "+msg) %self.name

#initializing two instances of the student class
bob=Student("Bob",20)
alice=Student("Alice",19)

#using them
print bob.name
print bob.age
print alice #this one only works if you define the __str__ method
print alice.call("Come here!") #notice you don't put a value for self

#you can modify attributes, like when alice ages
alice.age=20
print alice

代码在这里

这个参数的使用，通常称为self并不难理解，为什么它是必要的呢?或者为什么要明确地提到它?我想，对于大多数查找这个问题的用户来说，这是一个更大的问题，如果不是，他们在继续学习python时肯定会有同样的问题。我建议他们阅读以下几篇博客:

1:使用自我解释

注意，它不是关键字。

每个类方法(包括init)的第一个参数始终是对类当前实例的引用。按照惯例，这个参数总是命名为self。在init方法中，self指向新创建的对象;在其他类方法中，它引用被调用方法的实例。例如，下面的代码与上面的代码相同。

2:为什么我们要这样做，为什么我们不能像Java那样把它作为一个参数，而是用一个关键字来代替

我想补充的另一件事是，一个可选的self参数允许我在一个类中声明静态方法，不写self。

代码示例:

class MyClass():
    def staticMethod():
        print "This is a static method"

    def objectMethod(self):
        print "This is an object method which needs an instance of a class, and that is what self refers to"

PS:这只适用于Python 3.x。

在以前的版本中，您必须显式地添加@staticmethod装饰器，否则self参数是必须的。

它是对类实例对象的显式引用。

从医生那里，

方法的特殊之处在于实例对象是作为函数的第一个参数传递的。在我们的例子中，调用x.f()完全等价于MyClass.f(x)。一般来说，调用带有n个参数列表的方法相当于调用带有参数列表的相应函数，该参数列表是通过在第一个参数之前插入方法的实例对象创建的。

在此之前的相关片段，

class MyClass:
    """A simple example class"""
    i = 12345

    def f(self):
        return 'hello world'

x = 我的类（）

Self的作用类似于当前对象名或类的实例。

# Self explanation.


 class classname(object):

    def __init__(self,name):

        self.name=name
        # Self is acting as a replacement of object name.
        #self.name=object1.name

   def display(self):
      print("Name of the person is :",self.name)
      print("object name:",object1.name)


 object1=classname("Bucky")
 object2=classname("ford")

 object1.display()
 object2.display()

###### Output 
Name of the person is : Bucky
object name: Bucky
Name of the person is : ford
object name: Bucky

The reason you need to use self. is because Python does not use special syntax to refer to instance attributes. Python decided to do methods in a way that makes the instance to which the method belongs be passed automatically, but not received automatically: the first parameter of methods is the instance the method is called on. That makes methods entirely the same as functions, and leaves the actual name to use up to you (although self is the convention, and people will generally frown at you when you use something else.) self is not special to the code, it's just another object.

Python could have done something else to distinguish normal names from attributes -- special syntax like Ruby has, or requiring declarations like C++ and Java do, or perhaps something yet more different -- but it didn't. Python's all for making things explicit, making it obvious what's what, and although it doesn't do it entirely everywhere, it does do it for instance attributes. That's why assigning to an instance attribute needs to know what instance to assign to, and that's why it needs self..