想想这个例子:
class MyClass:
def func(self, name):
self.name = name
我知道self引用MyClass的特定实例。但是为什么func必须显式地包含self作为参数呢?为什么我们需要在方法的代码中使用self ?其他一些语言将其隐式化，或者使用特殊的语法。
有关设计决策的语言无关性考虑，请参见强制显式使用this/self指针的好处是什么?
要关闭OP省略方法的self形参并获得TypeError的调试问题，请使用TypeError: method()接受1个位置参数，但给出了2个。如果OP省略了self。在方法体中得到一个NameError，考虑如何在类中调用函数?
当前回答
我喜欢这个例子:
class A:
foo = []
a, b = A(), A()
a.foo.append(5)
b.foo
ans: [5]
class A:
def __init__(self):
self.foo = []
a, b = A(), A()
a.foo.append(5)
b.foo
ans: []
其他回答
它是对类实例对象的显式引用。
“self”这个词指的是一个类的实例
class foo:
def __init__(self, num1, num2):
self.n1 = num1 #now in this it will make the perimeter num1 and num2 access across the whole class
self.n2 = num2
def add(self):
return self.n1 + self.n2 # if we had not written self then if would throw an error that n1 and n2 is not defined and we have to include self in the function's perimeter to access it's variables
The reason you need to use self. is because Python does not use special syntax to refer to instance attributes. Python decided to do methods in a way that makes the instance to which the method belongs be passed automatically, but not received automatically: the first parameter of methods is the instance the method is called on. That makes methods entirely the same as functions, and leaves the actual name to use up to you (although self is the convention, and people will generally frown at you when you use something else.) self is not special to the code, it's just another object.
Python could have done something else to distinguish normal names from attributes -- special syntax like Ruby has, or requiring declarations like C++ and Java do, or perhaps something yet more different -- but it didn't. Python's all for making things explicit, making it obvious what's what, and although it doesn't do it entirely everywhere, it does do it for instance attributes. That's why assigning to an instance attribute needs to know what instance to assign to, and that's why it needs self..
在__init__方法中，self指向新创建的对象;在其他类方法中，它引用被调用方法的实例。
自我，作为一个名字，只是一个惯例，你想怎么叫就怎么叫!但是当使用它时，例如删除对象，你必须使用相同的名称:__del__(var)，其中var在__init__(var，[…])中使用。
你也应该看一看cls，以获得更大的图景。这篇文章可能会有帮助。
我将用不使用类的代码演示:
def state_init(state):
state['field'] = 'init'
def state_add(state, x):
state['field'] += x
def state_mult(state, x):
state['field'] *= x
def state_getField(state):
return state['field']
myself = {}
state_init(myself)
state_add(myself, 'added')
state_mult(myself, 2)
print( state_getField(myself) )
#--> 'initaddedinitadded'
类只是一种避免始终传递这种“状态”的方法(以及其他一些不错的事情，如初始化、类组合、很少需要的元类，以及支持自定义方法来覆盖操作符)。
现在让我们使用内置的python类机制来演示上面的代码，以展示它们基本上是相同的东西。
class State(object):
def __init__(self):
self.field = 'init'
def add(self, x):
self.field += x
def mult(self, x):
self.field *= x
s = State()
s.add('added') # self is implicitly passed in
s.mult(2) # self is implicitly passed in
print( s.field )
[把我的答案从重复的封闭式问题中迁移过来]
