这个参数的使用，通常称为self并不难理解，为什么它是必要的呢?或者为什么要明确地提到它?我想，对于大多数查找这个问题的用户来说，这是一个更大的问题，如果不是，他们在继续学习python时肯定会有同样的问题。我建议他们阅读以下几篇博客:

1:使用自我解释

注意，它不是关键字。

每个类方法(包括init)的第一个参数始终是对类当前实例的引用。按照惯例，这个参数总是命名为self。在init方法中，self指向新创建的对象;在其他类方法中，它引用被调用方法的实例。例如，下面的代码与上面的代码相同。

2:为什么我们要这样做，为什么我们不能像Java那样把它作为一个参数，而是用一个关键字来代替

我想补充的另一件事是，一个可选的self参数允许我在一个类中声明静态方法，不写self。

代码示例:

class MyClass():
    def staticMethod():
        print "This is a static method"

    def objectMethod(self):
        print "This is an object method which needs an instance of a class, and that is what self refers to"

PS:这只适用于Python 3.x。

在以前的版本中，您必须显式地添加@staticmethod装饰器，否则self参数是必须的。

The reason you need to use self. is because Python does not use special syntax to refer to instance attributes. Python decided to do methods in a way that makes the instance to which the method belongs be passed automatically, but not received automatically: the first parameter of methods is the instance the method is called on. That makes methods entirely the same as functions, and leaves the actual name to use up to you (although self is the convention, and people will generally frown at you when you use something else.) self is not special to the code, it's just another object.

Python could have done something else to distinguish normal names from attributes -- special syntax like Ruby has, or requiring declarations like C++ and Java do, or perhaps something yet more different -- but it didn't. Python's all for making things explicit, making it obvious what's what, and although it doesn't do it entirely everywhere, it does do it for instance attributes. That's why assigning to an instance attribute needs to know what instance to assign to, and that's why it needs self..

在__init__方法中，self指向新创建的对象;在其他类方法中，它引用被调用方法的实例。

自我，作为一个名字，只是一个惯例，你想怎么叫就怎么叫!但是当使用它时，例如删除对象，你必须使用相同的名称:__del__(var)，其中var在__init__(var，[…])中使用。

你也应该看一看cls，以获得更大的图景。这篇文章可能会有帮助。

我想说，至少对于Python, self参数可以被认为是一个占位符。 看看这个:

class Person:
  def __init__(self, name, age):
    self.name = name
    self.age = age

p1 = Person("John", 36)

print(p1.name)
print(p1.age)

Self在这里，还有很多其他的被用作存储name值的方法。然而，在此之后，我们使用p1将其分配给我们正在使用的类。然后当我们打印它时，我们使用相同的p1关键字。

希望这对Python有所帮助!

自我是不可避免的。

问题是，self是隐式的还是显式的。 Guido van Rossum解决了这个问题说self必须留下来。

那么自我生活在哪里呢?

如果我们坚持函数式编程，我们就不需要self了。 一旦我们进入Python OOP，我们就会发现自己在那里。

下面是带有方法m1的典型用例类C

class C:
    def m1(self, arg):
        print(self, ' inside')
        pass

ci =C()
print(ci, ' outside')
ci.m1(None)
print(hex(id(ci))) # hex memory address

这个程序将输出:

<__main__.C object at 0x000002B9D79C6CC0>  outside
<__main__.C object at 0x000002B9D79C6CC0>  inside
0x2b9d79c6cc0

self保存类实例的内存地址。 self的目的是保存实例方法的引用，并使我们能够显式地访问该引用。

注意有三种不同类型的类方法:

静态方法(读作:函数)， 类方法, 实例方法(已提到)。

以下摘自关于self的Python文档:

As in Modula-3, there are no shorthands [in Python] for referencing the object’s members from its methods: the method function is declared with an explicit first argument representing the object, which is provided implicitly by the call. Often, the first argument of a method is called self. This is nothing more than a convention: the name self has absolutely no special meaning to Python. Note, however, that by not following the convention your code may be less readable to other Python programmers, and it is also conceivable that a class browser program might be written that relies upon such a convention.

有关更多信息，请参阅Python类文档教程。