想想这个例子:
class MyClass:
def func(self, name):
self.name = name
我知道self引用MyClass的特定实例。但是为什么func必须显式地包含self作为参数呢?为什么我们需要在方法的代码中使用self ?其他一些语言将其隐式化，或者使用特殊的语法。
有关设计决策的语言无关性考虑，请参见强制显式使用this/self指针的好处是什么?
要关闭OP省略方法的self形参并获得TypeError的调试问题，请使用TypeError: method()接受1个位置参数，但给出了2个。如果OP省略了self。在方法体中得到一个NameError，考虑如何在类中调用函数?
当前回答
在__init__方法中，self指向新创建的对象;在其他类方法中，它引用被调用方法的实例。
自我，作为一个名字，只是一个惯例，你想怎么叫就怎么叫!但是当使用它时，例如删除对象，你必须使用相同的名称:__del__(var)，其中var在__init__(var，[…])中使用。
你也应该看一看cls，以获得更大的图景。这篇文章可能会有帮助。
其他回答
我很惊讶居然没人提起Lua。Lua也使用“self”变量，但是可以省略，但仍然使用。c++对'this'做了同样的处理。我不认为有任何理由必须在每个函数中声明“self”，但你仍然可以像使用lua和c++一样使用它。对于一门以简洁为傲的语言来说，它要求你声明self变量是很奇怪的。
与前面提到的所有其他原因一样，它允许更容易地访问被覆盖的方法;你可以调用Class.some_method(inst)。
举个例子说明它的用处:
class C1(object):
def __init__(self):
print "C1 init"
class C2(C1):
def __init__(self): #overrides C1.__init__
print "C2 init"
C1.__init__(self) #but we still want C1 to init the class too
>>> C2()
"C2 init"
"C1 init"
The reason you need to use self. is because Python does not use special syntax to refer to instance attributes. Python decided to do methods in a way that makes the instance to which the method belongs be passed automatically, but not received automatically: the first parameter of methods is the instance the method is called on. That makes methods entirely the same as functions, and leaves the actual name to use up to you (although self is the convention, and people will generally frown at you when you use something else.) self is not special to the code, it's just another object.
Python could have done something else to distinguish normal names from attributes -- special syntax like Ruby has, or requiring declarations like C++ and Java do, or perhaps something yet more different -- but it didn't. Python's all for making things explicit, making it obvious what's what, and although it doesn't do it entirely everywhere, it does do it for instance attributes. That's why assigning to an instance attribute needs to know what instance to assign to, and that's why it needs self..
我想说，至少对于Python, self参数可以被认为是一个占位符。 看看这个:
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
p1 = Person("John", 36)
print(p1.name)
print(p1.age)
Self在这里，还有很多其他的被用作存储name值的方法。然而，在此之后，我们使用p1将其分配给我们正在使用的类。然后当我们打印它时，我们使用相同的p1关键字。
希望这对Python有所帮助!
以下摘自关于self的Python文档:
As in Modula-3, there are no shorthands [in Python] for referencing the object’s members from its methods: the method function is declared with an explicit first argument representing the object, which is provided implicitly by the call. Often, the first argument of a method is called self. This is nothing more than a convention: the name self has absolutely no special meaning to Python. Note, however, that by not following the convention your code may be less readable to other Python programmers, and it is also conceivable that a class browser program might be written that relies upon such a convention.
有关更多信息，请参阅Python类文档教程。
