Self的作用类似于当前对象名或类的实例。

# Self explanation.


 class classname(object):

    def __init__(self,name):

        self.name=name
        # Self is acting as a replacement of object name.
        #self.name=object1.name

   def display(self):
      print("Name of the person is :",self.name)
      print("object name:",object1.name)


 object1=classname("Bucky")
 object2=classname("ford")

 object1.display()
 object2.display()

###### Output 
Name of the person is : Bucky
object name: Bucky
Name of the person is : ford
object name: Bucky

当对象实例化时，对象本身被传递到self参数中。

因此，对象的数据被绑定到对象上。下面是一个示例，说明您可能希望如何可视化每个对象的数据。注意“self”是如何被对象名称替换的。我并不是说下面这个示例图是完全准确的，但希望它能在可视化self的使用方面起到一定的作用。

对象被传递到self参数中，这样对象就可以保存自己的数据。

Although this may not be wholly accurate, think of the process of instantiating an object like this: When an object is made it uses the class as a template for its own data and methods. Without passing it's own name into the self parameter, the attributes and methods in the class would remain as a general template and would not be referenced to (belong to) the object. So by passing the object's name into the self parameter it means that if 100 objects are instantiated from the one class, they can all keep track of their own data and methods.

如下图所示:

我将用不使用类的代码演示:

def state_init(state):
    state['field'] = 'init'

def state_add(state, x):
    state['field'] += x

def state_mult(state, x):
    state['field'] *= x

def state_getField(state):
    return state['field']

myself = {}
state_init(myself)
state_add(myself, 'added')
state_mult(myself, 2)

print( state_getField(myself) )
#--> 'initaddedinitadded'

类只是一种避免始终传递这种“状态”的方法(以及其他一些不错的事情，如初始化、类组合、很少需要的元类，以及支持自定义方法来覆盖操作符)。

现在让我们使用内置的python类机制来演示上面的代码，以展示它们基本上是相同的东西。

class State(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.field = 'init'
    def add(self, x):
        self.field += x
    def mult(self, x):
        self.field *= x

s = State()
s.add('added')    # self is implicitly passed in
s.mult(2)         # self is implicitly passed in
print( s.field )

[把我的答案从重复的封闭式问题中迁移过来]

从医生那里，

方法的特殊之处在于实例对象是作为函数的第一个参数传递的。在我们的例子中，调用x.f()完全等价于MyClass.f(x)。一般来说，调用带有n个参数列表的方法相当于调用带有参数列表的相应函数，该参数列表是通过在第一个参数之前插入方法的实例对象创建的。

在此之前的相关片段，

class MyClass:
    """A simple example class"""
    i = 12345

    def f(self):
        return 'hello world'

x = 我的类（）

首先，self是一个传统的名字，你可以用其他任何东西(连贯)来代替它。

它引用对象本身，因此当您使用它时，您声明.name和.age是您将要创建的Student对象(注意，不是Student类)的属性。

class Student:
    #called each time you create a new Student instance
    def __init__(self,name,age): #special method to initialize
        self.name=name
        self.age=age

    def __str__(self): #special method called for example when you use print
        return "Student %s is %s years old" %(self.name,self.age)

    def call(self, msg): #silly example for custom method
        return ("Hey, %s! "+msg) %self.name

#initializing two instances of the student class
bob=Student("Bob",20)
alice=Student("Alice",19)

#using them
print bob.name
print bob.age
print alice #this one only works if you define the __str__ method
print alice.call("Come here!") #notice you don't put a value for self

#you can modify attributes, like when alice ages
alice.age=20
print alice

代码在这里

我的小钱

在Person类中，我们用self定义了init方法，这里需要注意的有趣的事情是self和实例变量p的内存位置是相同的<__main__。位于0x106a78fd0>的Person对象

class Person:

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name 
        self.age = age 

    def say_hi(self):
        print("the self is at:", self)
        print((f"hey there, my name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old"))

    def say_bye(self):
        print("the self is at:", self)
        print(f"good to see you {self.name}")

p = Person("john", 78)
print("the p is at",p)
p.say_hi()  
p.say_bye() 

如上所述，self和实例变量都是同一个对象。