这是一个简单的随机生成器。在0附近产生正负值的概率相等:

  int getNextRandom(const size_t lim) 
  {
        int nextRand = rand() % lim;
        int nextSign = rand() % lim;
        if (nextSign < lim / 2)
            return -nextRand;
        return nextRand;
  }


   int main()
   {
        srand(time(NULL));
        int r = getNextRandom(100);
        cout << r << endl;
        return 0;
   }

可以从这里获得生成随机数的完整随机类代码!

如果你在项目的不同部分需要随机数，你可以创建一个单独的类Randomer来封装它里面的所有随机内容。

就像这样:

class Randomer {
    // random seed by default
    std::mt19937 gen_;
    std::uniform_int_distribution<size_t> dist_;

public:
    /*  ... some convenient ctors ... */ 

    Randomer(size_t min, size_t max, unsigned int seed = std::random_device{}())
        : gen_{seed}, dist_{min, max} {
    }

    // if you want predictable numbers
    void SetSeed(unsigned int seed) {
        gen_.seed(seed);
    }

    size_t operator()() {
        return dist_(gen_);
    }
};

这样的类以后会很方便:

int main() {
    Randomer randomer{0, 10};
    std::cout << randomer() << "\n";
}

你可以检查这个链接作为一个例子，我如何使用这样的Randomer类生成随机字符串。如果你愿意，你也可以使用Randomer。

如果你正在使用boost lib，你可以通过以下方式获得一个随机生成器:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

// Used in randomization
#include <ctime>
#include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>
#include <boost/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp>
#include <boost/random/variate_generator.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace boost;

int current_time_nanoseconds(){
    struct timespec tm;
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tm);
    return tm.tv_nsec;
}

int main (int argc, char* argv[]) {
    unsigned int dice_rolls = 12;
    random::mt19937 rng(current_time_nanoseconds());
    random::uniform_int_distribution<> six(1,6);

    for(unsigned int i=0; i<dice_rolls; i++){
        cout << six(rng) << endl;
    }
}

函数current_time_nanoseconds()给出以纳秒为单位的当前时间，用作种子。

下面是一个更通用的类，用于获取范围内的随机整数和日期:

#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>
#include <boost/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp>
#include <boost/random/variate_generator.hpp>
#include "boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time.hpp"
#include "boost/date_time/gregorian/gregorian.hpp"


using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
using namespace boost::posix_time;
using namespace boost::gregorian;


class Randomizer {
private:
    static const bool debug_mode = false;
    random::mt19937 rng_;

    // The private constructor so that the user can not directly instantiate
    Randomizer() {
        if(debug_mode==true){
            this->rng_ = random::mt19937();
        }else{
            this->rng_ = random::mt19937(current_time_nanoseconds());
        }
    };

    int current_time_nanoseconds(){
        struct timespec tm;
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tm);
        return tm.tv_nsec;
    }

    // C++ 03
    // ========
    // Dont forget to declare these two. You want to make sure they
    // are unacceptable otherwise you may accidentally get copies of
    // your singleton appearing.
    Randomizer(Randomizer const&);     // Don't Implement
    void operator=(Randomizer const&); // Don't implement

public:
    static Randomizer& get_instance(){
        // The only instance of the class is created at the first call get_instance ()
        // and will be destroyed only when the program exits
        static Randomizer instance;
        return instance;
    }
    bool method() { return true; };

    int rand(unsigned int floor, unsigned int ceil){
        random::uniform_int_distribution<> rand_ = random::uniform_int_distribution<> (floor,ceil);
        return (rand_(rng_));
    }

    // Is not considering the millisecons
    time_duration rand_time_duration(){
        boost::posix_time::time_duration floor(0, 0, 0, 0);
        boost::posix_time::time_duration ceil(23, 59, 59, 0);
        unsigned int rand_seconds = rand(floor.total_seconds(), ceil.total_seconds());
        return seconds(rand_seconds);
    }


    date rand_date_from_epoch_to_now(){
        date now = second_clock::local_time().date();
        return rand_date_from_epoch_to_ceil(now);
    }

    date rand_date_from_epoch_to_ceil(date ceil_date){
        date epoch = ptime(date(1970,1,1)).date();
        return rand_date_in_interval(epoch, ceil_date);
    }

    date rand_date_in_interval(date floor_date, date ceil_date){
        return rand_ptime_in_interval(ptime(floor_date), ptime(ceil_date)).date();
    }

    ptime rand_ptime_from_epoch_to_now(){
        ptime now = second_clock::local_time();
        return rand_ptime_from_epoch_to_ceil(now);
    }

    ptime rand_ptime_from_epoch_to_ceil(ptime ceil_date){
        ptime epoch = ptime(date(1970,1,1));
        return rand_ptime_in_interval(epoch, ceil_date);
    }

    ptime rand_ptime_in_interval(ptime floor_date, ptime ceil_date){
        time_duration const diff = ceil_date - floor_date;
        long long gap_seconds = diff.total_seconds();
        long long step_seconds = Randomizer::get_instance().rand(0, gap_seconds);
        return floor_date + seconds(step_seconds);
    }
};

这是一个简单的随机生成器。在0附近产生正负值的概率相等:

  int getNextRandom(const size_t lim) 
  {
        int nextRand = rand() % lim;
        int nextSign = rand() % lim;
        if (nextSign < lim / 2)
            return -nextRand;
        return nextRand;
  }


   int main()
   {
        srand(time(NULL));
        int r = getNextRandom(100);
        cout << r << endl;
        return 0;
   }

使用模数可能会在随机数中引入偏置，这取决于随机数生成器。更多信息请看这个问题。当然，在随机序列中得到重复的数字是完全可能的。

尝试一些c++ 11特性以获得更好的分发:

#include <random>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::random_device dev;
    std::mt19937 rng(dev());
    std::uniform_int_distribution<std::mt19937::result_type> dist6(1,6); // distribution in range [1, 6]

    std::cout << dist6(rng) << std::endl;
}

有关c++ 11随机数的更多信息，请参阅此问题/答案。上面的方法并不是唯一的方法，但它是一种方法。

为每个RUN文件随机

size_t randomGenerator(size_t min, size_t max) {
    std::mt19937 rng;
    rng.seed(std::random_device()());
    //rng.seed(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
    std::uniform_int_distribution<std::mt19937::result_type> dist(min, max);

    return dist(rng);
}