尽管在c++中不支持即时可用的反射，但实现它并不太难。 我遇到了这篇很棒的文章: http://replicaisland.blogspot.co.il/2010/11/building-reflective-object-system-in-c.html

本文详细介绍了如何实现一个非常简单的反射系统。当然，这不是最有益的解决办法，还有一些粗糙的地方有待解决，但对我的需要来说，这已经足够了。

底线——如果做得正确，反射是可以得到回报的，而且在c++中是完全可行的。

I did something like what you're after once, and while it's possible to get some level of reflection and access to higher-level features, the maintenance headache might not be worth it. My system was used to keep the UI classes completely separated from the business logic through delegation akin to Objective-C's concept of message passing and forwarding. The way to do it is to create some base class that is capable of mapping symbols (I used a string pool but you could do it with enums if you prefer speed and compile-time error handling over total flexibility) to function pointers (actually not pure function pointers, but something similar to what Boost has with Boost.Function--which I didn't have access to at the time). You can do the same thing for your member variables as long as you have some common base class capable of representing any value. The entire system was an unabashed ripoff of Key-Value Coding and Delegation, with a few side effects that were perhaps worth the sheer amount of time necessary to get every class that used the system to match all of its methods and members up with legal calls: 1) Any class could call any method on any other class without having to include headers or write fake base classes so the interface could be predefined for the compiler; and 2) The getters and setters of the member variables were easy to make thread-safe because changing or accessing their values was always done through 2 methods in the base class of all objects.

It also led to the possibility of doing some really weird things that otherwise aren't easy in C++. For example I could create an Array object that contained arbitrary items of any type, including itself, and create new arrays dynamically by passing a message to all array items and collecting the return values (similar to map in Lisp). Another was the implementation of key-value observing, whereby I was able to set up the UI to respond immediately to changes in the members of backend classes instead of constantly polling the data or unnecessarily redrawing the display.

也许您更感兴趣的是，您还可以转储为类定义的所有方法和成员，而且是字符串形式。

该系统的缺点可能会让您望而却步:添加所有消息和键值非常繁琐;它比没有反射要慢;你会讨厌看到boost::static_pointer_cast和boost::dynamic_pointer_cast遍布你的代码库;强类型系统的局限性仍然存在，您实际上只是将它们隐藏了一些，所以它不那么明显。字符串中的错别字也不是一个有趣或容易发现的惊喜。

As to how to implement something like this: just use shared and weak pointers to some common base (mine was very imaginatively called "Object") and derive for all the types you want to use. I'd recommend installing Boost.Function instead of doing it the way I did, which was with some custom crap and a ton of ugly macros to wrap the function pointer calls. Since everything is mapped, inspecting objects is just a matter of iterating through all of the keys. Since my classes were essentially as close to a direct ripoff of Cocoa as possible using only C++, if you want something like that then I'd suggest using the Cocoa documentation as a blueprint.

c++中还有另一个用于反射的新库，叫做RTTR(运行时类型反射，参见github)。

该接口类似于c#中的反射，并且不需要任何RTTI。

这个问题现在有点老了(不知道为什么我今天一直在问老问题)，但我在想BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT，它引入了编译时反射。

当然，这取决于你将其映射到运行时反射，这不会太容易，但在这个方向上是可能的，而不是在相反的方向上:)

我真的认为一个宏来封装BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_STRUCT可以生成必要的方法来获得运行时行为。

查看Classdesc http://classdesc.sf.net。它以类“描述符”的形式提供了反射，可以与任何标准c++编译器一起工作(是的，它可以与Visual Studio和GCC一起工作)，并且不需要源代码注释(尽管存在一些处理棘手情况的pragmas)。它已经开发了十多年，并在一些工业规模的项目中使用。

在c++中反射是非常有用的，如果你需要为每个成员运行一些方法(例如:序列化，哈希，比较)。我给出了通用的解决方案，语法非常简单:

struct S1
{
    ENUMERATE_MEMBERS(str,i);
    std::string str;
    int i;
};
struct S2
{
    ENUMERATE_MEMBERS(s1,i2);
    S1 s1;
    int i2;
};

其中ENUMERATE_MEMBERS是一个宏，稍后将描述(UPDATE):

假设我们已经为int和std::string定义了序列化函数，如下所示:

void EnumerateWith(BinaryWriter & writer, int val)
{
    //store integer
    writer.WriteBuffer(&val, sizeof(int));
}
void EnumerateWith(BinaryWriter & writer, std::string val)
{
    //store string
    writer.WriteBuffer(val.c_str(), val.size());
}

我们在“secret宏”附近有一个泛型函数;)

template<typename TWriter, typename T>
auto EnumerateWith(TWriter && writer, T && val) -> is_enumerable_t<T>
{
    val.EnumerateWith(write); //method generated by ENUMERATE_MEMBERS macro
}

现在你可以写

S1 s1;
S2 s2;
//....
BinaryWriter writer("serialized.bin");

EnumerateWith(writer, s1); //this will call EnumerateWith for all members of S1
EnumerateWith(writer, s2); //this will call EnumerateWith for all members of S2 and S2::s1 (recursively)

因此在结构定义中有ENUMERATE_MEMBERS宏，你可以构建序列化、比较、散列和其他东西，而不需要触及原始类型，唯一的要求是为每个枚举器(如BinaryWriter)实现每个类型的“EnumerateWith”方法，这是不可枚举的。通常你必须实现10-20个“简单”类型来支持项目中的任何类型。

这个宏在运行时创建/销毁结构的开销应该为零，并且T.EnumerateWith()的代码应该按需生成，这可以通过使其成为模板内联函数来实现，因此所有故事中唯一的开销是向每个结构添加ENUMERATE_MEMBERS(m1,m2,m3…)，而在任何解决方案中，每个成员类型实现特定的方法都是必须的，因此我不认为这是开销。

更新: ENUMERATE_MEMBERS宏有一个非常简单的实现(但是可以稍微扩展以支持从可枚举结构继承)

#define ENUMERATE_MEMBERS(...) \
template<typename TEnumerator> inline void EnumerateWith(TEnumerator & enumerator) const { EnumerateWithHelper(enumerator, __VA_ARGS__ ); }\
template<typename TEnumerator> inline void EnumerateWith(TEnumerator & enumerator) { EnumerateWithHelper(enumerator, __VA_ARGS__); }

// EnumerateWithHelper
template<typename TEnumerator, typename ...T> inline void EnumerateWithHelper(TEnumerator & enumerator, T &...v) 
{ 
    int x[] = { (EnumerateWith(enumerator, v), 1)... }; 
}

// Generic EnumerateWith
template<typename TEnumerator, typename T>
auto EnumerateWith(TEnumerator & enumerator, T & val) -> std::void_t<decltype(val.EnumerateWith(enumerator))>
{
    val.EnumerateWith(enumerator);
}

这15行代码不需要任何第三方库;)