Ncurses提供了一个很好的方法来做到这一点! 这也是我的第一篇文章(我记得)，所以欢迎任何评论。我会欣赏有用的，但都是受欢迎的!

编译： g++ -std=c++11 -pthread -lncurses .cpp -o

#include <iostream>
#include <ncurses.h>
#include <future>

char get_keyboard_input();

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    initscr();
    raw();
    noecho();
    keypad(stdscr,true);

    auto f = std::async(std::launch::async, get_keyboard_input);
    while (f.wait_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(20)) != std::future_status::ready)
    {
        // do some work
    }

    endwin();
    std::cout << "returned: " << f.get() << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

char get_keyboard_input()
{
    char input = '0';
    while(input != 'q')
    {
        input = getch();
    }
    return input;
}

这在纯c++中以可移植的方式是不可能的，因为它太依赖于可能与stdin连接的终端(它们通常是行缓冲的)。不过，你可以使用一个库来实现:

conio available with Windows compilers. Use the _getch() function to give you a character without waiting for the Enter key. I'm not a frequent Windows developer, but I've seen my classmates just include <conio.h> and use it. See conio.h at Wikipedia. It lists getch(), which is declared deprecated in Visual C++. curses available for Linux. Compatible curses implementations are available for Windows too. It has also a getch() function. (try man getch to view its manpage). See Curses at Wikipedia.

如果你的目标是跨平台兼容性，我建议你使用curses。也就是说，我相信有一些函数可以用来关闭行缓冲(我相信这被称为“原始模式”，而不是“熟模式”-看看man stty)。如果我没记错的话，诅咒可以方便地帮你解决这个问题。

#include <conio.h>

if (kbhit() != 0) {
    cout << getch() << endl;
}

它使用kbhit()来检查键盘是否被按下，并使用getch()来获取被按下的字符。

You can do it portably using SDL (the Simple DirectMedia Library), though I suspect you may not like its behavior. When I tried it, I had to have SDL create a new video window (even though I didn't need it for my program) and have this window "grab" almost all keyboard and mouse input (which was okay for my usage but could be annoying or unworkable in other situations). I suspect it's overkill and not worth it unless complete portability is a must--otherwise try one of the other suggested solutions.

顺便说一下，这将分别提供按键和释放事件，如果你喜欢的话。

CONIO.H

你需要的函数是:

int getch();
Prototype
    int _getch(void); 
Description
    _getch obtains a character  from stdin. Input is unbuffered, and this
    routine  will  return as  soon as  a character is  available  without 
    waiting for a carriage return. The character is not echoed to stdout.
    _getch bypasses the normal buffering done by getchar and getc. ungetc 
    cannot be used with _getch. 
Synonym
    Function: getch 


int kbhit();
Description
    Checks if a keyboard key has been pressed but not yet read. 
Return Value
    Returns a non-zero value if a key was pressed. Otherwise, returns 0.

libconio http://sourceforge.net/projects/libconio

or

conio.h的Linux c++实现 http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-conioh

适用于我的windows:

#include <conio.h>
char c = _getch();