选择为每个方法中的每个参数输入final会让编码员和代码读者感到非常恼火。

一旦愤怒超出合理范围，切换到Scala，默认情况下参数是最终的。

或者，您总是可以使用代码样式工具，它将自动为您完成这些工作。所有ide都实现了它们或作为插件。

最后一个修饰符，特别是对于变量，是一种让编译器强制执行通常合理的约定的方法:确保一个(局部或实例)变量只被赋值一次(不多不少)。通过确保变量在使用之前被明确赋值，你可以避免常见的NullPointerException:

final FileInputStream in;
if(test)
  in = new FileInputStream("foo.txt");
else
  System.out.println("test failed");
in.read(); // Compiler error because variable 'in' might be unassigned

通过防止变量被多次赋值，可以防止过宽的作用域。而不是这样:

 String msg = null;
 for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
     msg = "We are at position " + i;
     System.out.println(msg);
 }
 msg = null;

我们鼓励你这样做:

 for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
     final String msg = "We are at position " + i;
     System.out.println(msg);
 }

一些链接:

最后的故事(《Hardcore Java》一书的免费章节) 一些最终的模式 明确的任务

有效的Java有一个条目写着“偏爱不可变对象”。将字段声明为final可以帮助您在这方面迈出一小步，但是对于真正的不可变对象来说，当然还有更多的事情要做。

如果您知道对象是不可变的，那么可以在多个线程/客户端之间共享它们以供读取，而无需担心同步问题，并且更容易推断程序的运行方式。

我一直用final来表示对象属性。

final关键字在对象属性上使用时具有可见性语义。基本上，设置最终对象属性的值发生在构造函数返回之前。这意味着只要不让This引用脱离构造函数，并且对所有属性使用final，对象(在Java 5语义下)就可以保证正确构造，而且由于它也是不可变的，所以可以安全地发布到其他线程。

不可变对象不仅仅是关于线程安全。它们还使您更容易推断程序中的状态转换，因为可以更改的空间是故意的，如果始终使用，则完全限制在应该更改的内容上。

I sometimes also make methods final, but not as often. I seldomly make classes final. I generally do this because I have little need to. I generally don't use inheritance much. I prefer to use interfaces and object composition instead - this also lends itself to a design that I find is often easier to test. When you code to interfaces instead of concrete classes, then you don't need to use inheritance when you test, as it is, with frameworks such as jMock, much easier to create mock-objects with interfaces than it is with concrete classes.

我想我应该把大部分课程都定为期末考试，但我还没有养成这个习惯。

Final应该总是用于常量。当定义变量的规则很复杂时，它甚至对于短期存在的变量(在单个方法中)也很有用。

例如:

final int foo;
if (a)
    foo = 1;
else if (b)
    foo = 2;
else if (c)
    foo = 3;
if (d)        // Compile error:  forgot the 'else'
    foo = 4;
else
    foo = -1;

为:

Final fields - Marking fields as final forces them to be set by end of construction, making that field reference immutable. This allows safe publication of fields and can avoid the need for synchronization on later reads. (Note that for an object reference, only the field reference is immutable - things that object reference refers to can still change and that affects the immutability.) Final static fields - Although I use enums now for many of the cases where I used to use static final fields.

考虑但审慎地使用:

最终类——框架/API设计是我唯一考虑的情况。 Final方法——基本上与Final类相同。如果你疯狂地使用模板方法模式，并把东西标记为final，你可能太依赖继承而不是委托。

忽略，除非感觉肛门:

Method parameters and local variables - I RARELY do this largely because I'm lazy and I find it clutters the code. I will fully admit that marking parameters and local variables that I'm not going to modify is "righter". I wish it was the default. But it isn't and I find the code more difficult to understand with finals all over. If I'm in someone else's code, I'm not going to pull them out but if I'm writing new code I won't put them in. One exception is the case where you have to mark something final so you can access it from within an anonymous inner class.