为:

Final fields - Marking fields as final forces them to be set by end of construction, making that field reference immutable. This allows safe publication of fields and can avoid the need for synchronization on later reads. (Note that for an object reference, only the field reference is immutable - things that object reference refers to can still change and that affects the immutability.) Final static fields - Although I use enums now for many of the cases where I used to use static final fields.

考虑但审慎地使用:

最终类——框架/API设计是我唯一考虑的情况。 Final方法——基本上与Final类相同。如果你疯狂地使用模板方法模式，并把东西标记为final，你可能太依赖继承而不是委托。

忽略，除非感觉肛门:

Method parameters and local variables - I RARELY do this largely because I'm lazy and I find it clutters the code. I will fully admit that marking parameters and local variables that I'm not going to modify is "righter". I wish it was the default. But it isn't and I find the code more difficult to understand with finals all over. If I'm in someone else's code, I'm not going to pull them out but if I'm writing new code I won't put them in. One exception is the case where you have to mark something final so you can access it from within an anonymous inner class.

我设置Eclipse在所有未修改的字段和属性上添加final。使用Eclipse“save actions”在保存文件时添加这些最终修饰符(以及其他东西)，效果非常好。

强烈推荐。

请查看我关于Eclipse Save Actions的博客文章。

对于将所有可能的变量都声明为final，我非常武断。这包括方法参数、局部变量，以及很少的值对象字段。我有三个在任何地方声明最终变量的主要原因:

Declaring Intention: By declaring a final variable, I am stating that this variable is meant to be written to only once. It's a subtle hint to other developers, and a big hint to the compiler. Enforcing Single-use Variables: I believe in the idea that each variable should have only one purpose in life. By giving each variable only one purpose, you reduce the time it takes to grok the purpose of that particular variable while debugging. Allows for Optimization: I know that the compiler used to have performance enhancement tricks which relied specifically on the immutability of a variable reference. I like to think some of these old performance tricks (or new ones) will be used by the compiler.

然而，我确实认为final类和方法远不如final变量引用有用。最后一个关键字，当与这些声明一起使用时，只是为自动化测试和以您从未预料到的方式使用代码提供了障碍。

Even for local variables, knowing that it is declared final means that I don't need to worry about the reference being changed later on. This means that when debugging and I see that variable later on, I am confident that it is referring to the same object. That is one less thing I need to worry about when looking for a bug. A bonus is that if 99% of variables are declared final, then the few variables which really are variable stand out better. Also, the final lets the compiler find some more possible stupid mistakes that might otherwise go unnoticed.

有效的Java有一个条目写着“偏爱不可变对象”。将字段声明为final可以帮助您在这方面迈出一小步，但是对于真正的不可变对象来说，当然还有更多的事情要做。

如果您知道对象是不可变的，那么可以在多个线程/客户端之间共享它们以供读取，而无需担心同步问题，并且更容易推断程序的运行方式。

将类标记为final还可以使一些方法绑定发生在编译时而不是运行时。 考虑下面的“v2.foo()”——编译器知道B不能有子类，所以foo()不能被重写，所以要调用的实现在编译时是已知的。如果类B没有被标记为final，那么v2的实际类型可能是某个扩展B并重写foo()的类。

class A {
    void foo() {
        //do something
    }
}
final class B extends A {
    void foo() {
    }
}
class Test {
    public void t(A v1, B v2) {
        v1.foo();
        v2.foo();
    }
}