Final应该总是用于常量。当定义变量的规则很复杂时，它甚至对于短期存在的变量(在单个方法中)也很有用。

例如:

final int foo;
if (a)
    foo = 1;
else if (b)
    foo = 2;
else if (c)
    foo = 3;
if (d)        // Compile error:  forgot the 'else'
    foo = 4;
else
    foo = -1;

为:

Final fields - Marking fields as final forces them to be set by end of construction, making that field reference immutable. This allows safe publication of fields and can avoid the need for synchronization on later reads. (Note that for an object reference, only the field reference is immutable - things that object reference refers to can still change and that affects the immutability.) Final static fields - Although I use enums now for many of the cases where I used to use static final fields.

考虑但审慎地使用:

最终类——框架/API设计是我唯一考虑的情况。 Final方法——基本上与Final类相同。如果你疯狂地使用模板方法模式，并把东西标记为final，你可能太依赖继承而不是委托。

忽略，除非感觉肛门:

Method parameters and local variables - I RARELY do this largely because I'm lazy and I find it clutters the code. I will fully admit that marking parameters and local variables that I'm not going to modify is "righter". I wish it was the default. But it isn't and I find the code more difficult to understand with finals all over. If I'm in someone else's code, I'm not going to pull them out but if I'm writing new code I won't put them in. One exception is the case where you have to mark something final so you can access it from within an anonymous inner class.

另一个注意事项是，许多人将final混淆为实例变量的内容不能更改，而不是引用不能更改。

对于争论，我认为不需要。大多数情况下，它们只会损害可读性。重新分配一个参数变量是如此疯狂的愚蠢，我应该相当有信心，他们可以被视为常量。

Eclipse将最终结果显示为红色，这使得在代码中更容易发现变量声明，我认为这在大多数情况下提高了可读性。

我试图强制执行规则，任何和所有变量都应该是最终的，没有一个非常有效的理由不这样做。如果你只需要找到初始化并确信这就是初始化，那么回答“这个变量是什么?”的问题就容易得多了。

实际上，我现在对非最终变量相当紧张。这就像把刀挂在你的头上，还是把它放在厨房抽屉里的区别……

final变量是标记值的好方法。

一个非最终变量被绑定到一些容易出错的算法的一部分。

一个很好的特性是，当一个算法无法选择使用变量时，大多数情况下解决方案是编写一个方法，这通常会显著改善代码。

I have to read a lot of code for my job. Missing final on instance variables is one of the top things to annoy me and makes understanding the code unnecessarily difficult. For my money, final on local variables causes more clutter than clarity. The language should have been designed to make that the default, but we have to live with the mistake. Sometimes it is useful particularly with loops and definite assignment with an if-else tree, but mostly it tends to indicate your method is too complicated.

对于将所有可能的变量都声明为final，我非常武断。这包括方法参数、局部变量，以及很少的值对象字段。我有三个在任何地方声明最终变量的主要原因:

Declaring Intention: By declaring a final variable, I am stating that this variable is meant to be written to only once. It's a subtle hint to other developers, and a big hint to the compiler. Enforcing Single-use Variables: I believe in the idea that each variable should have only one purpose in life. By giving each variable only one purpose, you reduce the time it takes to grok the purpose of that particular variable while debugging. Allows for Optimization: I know that the compiler used to have performance enhancement tricks which relied specifically on the immutability of a variable reference. I like to think some of these old performance tricks (or new ones) will be used by the compiler.

然而，我确实认为final类和方法远不如final变量引用有用。最后一个关键字，当与这些声明一起使用时，只是为自动化测试和以您从未预料到的方式使用代码提供了障碍。