If it is possible to read the input file more than once (your problem statement doesn't say it can't), the following should work. It is described in Benchley's book "Programming Perls." If we store each number in 8 bytes we can store 250,000 numbers in one megabyte. Use a program that makes 40 passes over the input file. On the first pass it reads into memory any integer between 0 and 249,999, sorts the (at most) 250,000 integers and writes them to the output file. The second pass sorts the integers from 250,000 to 499,999 and so on to the 40th pass, which sorts 9,750,000 to 9,999,999.

在接收流时执行这些步骤。

首先设置一些合理的块大小

伪代码思想:

The first step would be to find all the duplicates and stick them in a dictionary with its count and remove them. The third step would be to place number that exist in sequence of their algorithmic steps and place them in counters special dictionaries with the first number and their step like n, n+1..., n+2, 2n, 2n+1, 2n+2... Begin to compress in chunks some reasonable ranges of number like every 1000 or ever 10000 the remaining numbers that appear less often to repeat. Uncompress that range if a number is found and add it to the range and leave it uncompressed for a while longer. Otherwise just add that number to a byte[chunkSize]

在接收流时继续执行前4步。最后一步是，如果超出内存，则失败，或者在收集完所有数据后开始输出结果，即开始对范围进行排序，并按顺序输出结果，然后按需要解压缩的顺序解压结果，并在得到它们时对它们进行排序。

我想试试基数树。如果可以将数据存储在树中，那么就可以执行顺序遍历来传输数据。

我不确定你是否能把它装进1MB，但我认为值得一试。

如果输入流可以接收几次，这就容易多了(没有关于这方面的信息，想法和时间性能问题)。然后，我们可以数小数。有了计数值，就很容易生成输出流。通过计算值来压缩。 这取决于输入流中的内容。

你最多要数到99,999,999，并在沿途标明1,000,000个站点。因此，可以使用位流进行解释，即1表示递增计数器，0表示输出数字。如果流中的前8位是00110010，到目前为止我们将有0,0,2,2,3。

Log (99,999,999 + 1,000,000) / Log(2) = 26.59。你的内存中有2^28位。你只需要用一半!

我认为从组合学的角度来思考这个问题:有多少种可能的排序数字的组合?如果我们给出的组合是0,0,0 ....，0代码0，和0,0,0，…，1代码1，和999999999,99999999，…99999999是代码N, N是什么?换句话说，结果空间有多大?

Well, one way to think about this is noticing that this is a bijection of the problem of finding the number of monotonic paths in an N x M grid, where N = 1,000,000 and M = 100,000,000. In other words, if you have a grid that is 1,000,000 wide and 100,000,000 tall, how many shortest paths from the bottom left to the top right are there? Shortest paths of course require you only ever either move right or up (if you were to move down or left you would be undoing previously accomplished progress). To see how this is a bijection of our number sorting problem, observe the following:

您可以将路径中的任何水平支腿想象成排序中的一个数字，其中支腿的Y位置表示值。

所以如果路径只是向右移动一直到最后，然后一直跳到顶部，这相当于顺序为0,0,0，…，0。相反，如果它开始时一直跳到顶部，然后向右移动1,000,000次，这相当于999999999,99999999，……, 99999999。它向右移动一次，然后向上移动一次，然后向右移动一次，然后向上移动一次，等等，直到最后(然后必然会一直跳到顶部)，相当于0,1,2,3，…，999999。

幸运的是，这个问题已经解决了，这样的网格有(N + M)个选择(M)条路径:

(1,000,000 + 100,000,000)选择(100,000,000)~= 2.27 * 10^2436455

N因此等于2.27 * 10^2436455，因此代码0表示0,0,0，…，0和代码2.27 * 10^2436455，一些变化表示999999999,99999999，…, 99999999。

为了存储从0到2.27 * 10^2436455的所有数字，您需要lg2(2.27 * 10^2436455) = 8.0937 * 10^6位。

1兆字节= 8388608比特> 8093700比特

这样看来，我们至少有足够的空间来存储结果!当然，有趣的部分是在数字流进来时进行排序。不确定最好的方法是我们有294908位剩余。我想一个有趣的技巧是在每个点都假设这是整个排序，找到该排序的代码，然后当你收到一个新数字时，返回并更新之前的代码。手，手，手。