消除序列中的重复值，但保留其余项的顺序。使用通用发电机功能。

# for hashable sequence
def remove_duplicates(items):
    seen = set()
    for item in items:
        if item not in seen:
            yield item
            seen.add(item)

a = [1, 5, 2, 1, 9, 1, 5, 10]
list(remove_duplicates(a))
# [1, 5, 2, 9, 10]



# for unhashable sequence
def remove_duplicates(items, key=None):
    seen = set()
    for item in items:
        val = item if key is None else key(item)
        if val not in seen:
            yield item
            seen.add(val)

a = [ {'x': 1, 'y': 2}, {'x': 1, 'y': 3}, {'x': 1, 'y': 2}, {'x': 2, 'y': 4}]
list(remove_duplicates(a, key=lambda d: (d['x'],d['y'])))
# [{'x': 1, 'y': 2}, {'x': 1, 'y': 3}, {'x': 2, 'y': 4}]

对于不可哈希类型(例如列表的列表)，基于MizardX的:

def f7_noHash(seq)
    seen = set()
    return [ x for x in seq if str( x ) not in seen and not seen.add( str( x ) )]

x = [1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4]

# brute force method
arr = []
for i in x:
  if not i in arr:
    arr.insert(x[i],i)

# recursive method
tmp = []
def remove_duplicates(j=0):
    if j < len(x):
      if not x[j] in tmp:
        tmp.append(x[j])
      i = j+1  
      remove_duplicates(i)

      

remove_duplicates()

对于另一个非常古老的问题的一个非常晚的回答:

itertools食谱有一个函数可以做到这一点，使用了见集技术，但是:

处理标准键函数。 不使用不体面的黑客。 通过预绑定优化循环。加，而不是查N次。(f7也这样做，但有些版本没有。) 通过使用ifilterfalse优化循环，因此只需遍历Python中唯一的元素，而不是所有元素。(当然，您仍然在ifilterfalse中遍历所有它们，但这是在C中，而且要快得多。)

Is it actually faster than f7? It depends on your data, so you'll have to test it and see. If you want a list in the end, f7 uses a listcomp, and there's no way to do that here. (You can directly append instead of yielding, or you can feed the generator into the list function, but neither one can be as fast as the LIST_APPEND inside a listcomp.) At any rate, usually, squeezing out a few microseconds is not going to be as important as having an easily-understandable, reusable, already-written function that doesn't require DSU when you want to decorate.

和所有的食谱一样，它也有更多的版本。

如果你只想要无键的情况，你可以简化为:

def unique(iterable):
    seen = set()
    seen_add = seen.add
    for element in itertools.ifilterfalse(seen.__contains__, iterable):
        seen_add(element)
        yield element

不使用导入模块或集的解决方案:

text = "ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country"
sentence = text.split(" ")
noduplicates = [(sentence[i]) for i in range (0,len(sentence)) if sentence[i] not in sentence[:i]]
print(noduplicates)

给输出:

['ask', 'not', 'what', 'your', 'country', 'can', 'do', 'for', 'you']

借用Haskell为列表定义nub函数时使用的递归思想，这将是一种递归方法:

def unique(lst):
    return [] if lst==[] else [lst[0]] + unique(filter(lambda x: x!= lst[0], lst[1:]))

例如:

In [118]: unique([1,5,1,1,4,3,4])
Out[118]: [1, 5, 4, 3]

我对不断增长的数据大小进行了尝试，看到了次线性的时间复杂度(不是确定的，但建议这对于普通数据应该没问题)。

In [122]: %timeit unique(np.random.randint(5, size=(1)))
10000 loops, best of 3: 25.3 us per loop

In [123]: %timeit unique(np.random.randint(5, size=(10)))
10000 loops, best of 3: 42.9 us per loop

In [124]: %timeit unique(np.random.randint(5, size=(100)))
10000 loops, best of 3: 132 us per loop

In [125]: %timeit unique(np.random.randint(5, size=(1000)))
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.05 ms per loop

In [126]: %timeit unique(np.random.randint(5, size=(10000)))
100 loops, best of 3: 11 ms per loop

我还认为有趣的是，这可以很容易地通过其他运算推广到唯一性。是这样的:

import operator
def unique(lst, cmp_op=operator.ne):
    return [] if lst==[] else [lst[0]] + unique(filter(lambda x: cmp_op(x, lst[0]), lst[1:]), cmp_op)

例如，你可以传入一个函数，它使用舍入到同一个整数的概念，就像它是“相等”的唯一性目的，像这样:

def test_round(x,y):
    return round(x) != round(y)

那么unique(some_list, test_round)将提供列表中唯一的元素，其中唯一性不再意味着传统的相等性(这是通过使用任何类型的基于集或基于字典键的方法来解决这个问题)，而是意味着对于每个元素可能舍入的整数K，只取第一个舍入到K的元素，例如:

In [6]: unique([1.2, 5, 1.9, 1.1, 4.2, 3, 4.8], test_round)
Out[6]: [1.2, 5, 1.9, 4.2, 3]