l = [1,2,2,3,3,...]
n = []
n.extend(ele for ele in l if ele not in set(n))

一个生成器表达式，它使用集合的O(1)查找来确定是否在新列表中包含元素。

对于不可哈希类型(例如列表的列表)，基于MizardX的:

def f7_noHash(seq)
    seen = set()
    return [ x for x in seq if str( x ) not in seen and not seen.add( str( x ) )]

就地方法

这个方法是二次的，因为我们对列表中的每个元素都有一个线性查找(由于del，我们必须加上重新排列列表的代价)。

也就是说，如果我们从列表的末尾开始，并向原点前进，删除出现在其左侧子列表中的每一项，就有可能在原地操作

这个想法在代码中很简单

for i in range(len(l)-1,0,-1): 
    if l[i] in l[:i]: del l[i] 

实现的简单测试

In [91]: from random import randint, seed                                                                                            
In [92]: seed('20080808') ; l = [randint(1,6) for _ in range(12)] # Beijing Olympics                                                                 
In [93]: for i in range(len(l)-1,0,-1): 
    ...:     print(l) 
    ...:     print(i, l[i], l[:i], end='') 
    ...:     if l[i] in l[:i]: 
    ...:          print( ': remove', l[i]) 
    ...:          del l[i] 
    ...:     else: 
    ...:          print() 
    ...: print(l)
[6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 4, 5, 2]
11 2 [6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 4, 5]: remove 2
[6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 4, 5]
10 5 [6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 4]: remove 5
[6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2, 4]
9 4 [6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2]: remove 4
[6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2, 2]
8 2 [6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2]: remove 2
[6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2]
7 2 [6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6]
[6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2]
6 6 [6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1]: remove 6
[6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 2]
5 1 [6, 5, 1, 4, 6]: remove 1
[6, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2]
4 6 [6, 5, 1, 4]: remove 6
[6, 5, 1, 4, 2]
3 4 [6, 5, 1]
[6, 5, 1, 4, 2]
2 1 [6, 5]
[6, 5, 1, 4, 2]
1 5 [6]
[6, 5, 1, 4, 2]

In [94]:                                                                                                                             

使用_sorted_ a numpy数组的相对有效方法:

b = np.array([1,3,3, 8, 12, 12,12])    
numpy.hstack([b[0], [x[0] for x in zip(b[1:], b[:-1]) if x[0]!=x[1]]])

输出:

array([ 1,  3,  8, 12])

只是从外部module1中添加这样一个功能的另一个(非常高性能的)实现:

>>> from iteration_utilities import unique_everseen
>>> lst = [1,1,1,2,3,2,2,2,1,3,4]

>>> list(unique_everseen(lst))
[1, 2, 3, 4]

计时

我做了一些计时(Python 3.6)，这些表明它比我测试的所有其他替代方案都快，包括OrderedDict.fromkeys, f7和more_itertools.unique_everseen:

%matplotlib notebook

from iteration_utilities import unique_everseen
from collections import OrderedDict
from more_itertools import unique_everseen as mi_unique_everseen

def f7(seq):
    seen = set()
    seen_add = seen.add
    return [x for x in seq if not (x in seen or seen_add(x))]

def iteration_utilities_unique_everseen(seq):
    return list(unique_everseen(seq))

def more_itertools_unique_everseen(seq):
    return list(mi_unique_everseen(seq))

def odict(seq):
    return list(OrderedDict.fromkeys(seq))

from simple_benchmark import benchmark

b = benchmark([f7, iteration_utilities_unique_everseen, more_itertools_unique_everseen, odict],
              {2**i: list(range(2**i)) for i in range(1, 20)},
              'list size (no duplicates)')
b.plot()

为了确保这一点，我还做了一个重复的测试，看看是否有区别:

import random

b = benchmark([f7, iteration_utilities_unique_everseen, more_itertools_unique_everseen, odict],
              {2**i: [random.randint(0, 2**(i-1)) for _ in range(2**i)] for i in range(1, 20)},
              'list size (lots of duplicates)')
b.plot()

一个只包含一个值:

b = benchmark([f7, iteration_utilities_unique_everseen, more_itertools_unique_everseen, odict],
              {2**i: [1]*(2**i) for i in range(1, 20)},
              'list size (only duplicates)')
b.plot()

在所有这些情况下，iteration_utilities。Unique_everseen函数是最快的(在我的电脑上)。

这iteration_utilities。unique_everseen函数也可以处理输入中的不可哈希值(但是当值是可哈希值时，性能是O(n*n)而不是O(n))。

>>> lst = [{1}, {1}, {2}, {1}, {3}]

>>> list(unique_everseen(lst))
[{1}, {2}, {3}]

1免责声明:我是该软件包的作者。

不使用导入模块或集的解决方案:

text = "ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country"
sentence = text.split(" ")
noduplicates = [(sentence[i]) for i in range (0,len(sentence)) if sentence[i] not in sentence[:i]]
print(noduplicates)

给输出:

['ask', 'not', 'what', 'your', 'country', 'can', 'do', 'for', 'you']