system.net.httpclient和system.net.httpclienthandler在。net Framework 4.5中实现了IDisposable(通过System.Net.Http.HttpMessageInvoker)。

using语句文档说:

作为规则,当使用IDisposable对象时,应该声明和 在using语句中实例化它。

这个答案使用了这个模式:

var baseAddress = new Uri("http://example.com");
var cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
using (var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { CookieContainer = cookieContainer })
using (var client = new HttpClient(handler) { BaseAddress = baseAddress })
{
    var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new[]
    {
        new KeyValuePair<string, string>("foo", "bar"),
        new KeyValuePair<string, string>("baz", "bazinga"),
    });
    cookieContainer.Add(baseAddress, new Cookie("CookieName", "cookie_value"));
    var result = client.PostAsync("/test", content).Result;
    result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
}

但是来自Microsoft的最明显的例子既没有显式调用也没有隐式调用Dispose()。例如:

最初的博客文章宣布HttpClient的发布。 HttpClient的实际MSDN文档。 BingTranslateSample GoogleMapsSample WorldBankSample

在公告的评论中,有人问微软员工:

在检查了你的样品后,我发现你没有进行处理 对HttpClient实例的操作。我已经使用了HttpClient的所有实例 在我的应用程序上使用声明,我认为这是正确的方式 因为HttpClient实现了IDisposable接口。我是在 正确的道路?

他的回答是:

一般来说,这是正确的,尽管你必须小心 "using"和async,因为它们在。net 4和。net 4.5中不能真正混合 可以在“using”语句中使用“await”。 顺便说一句,你可以重复使用同一个HttpClient,次数不限 通常情况下,您不会一直创建/处理它们。

第二段对这个问题来说是多余的,它不关心您可以使用HttpClient实例多少次,而是关心在您不再需要它之后是否有必要处理它。

(更新:事实上,第二段是答案的关键,如下文由@DPeden提供。)

所以我的问题是:

Is it necessary, given the current implementation (.NET Framework 4.5), to call Dispose() on HttpClient and HttpClientHandler instances? Clarification: by "necessary" I mean if there are any negative consequences for not disposing, such as resource leakage or data corruption risks. If it's not necessary, would it be a "good practice" anyway, since they implement IDisposable? If it's necessary (or recommended), is this code mentioned above implementing it safely (for .NET Framework 4.5)? If these classes don't require calling Dispose(), why were they implemented as IDisposable? If they require, or if it's a recommended practice, are the Microsoft examples misleading or unsafe?


当前回答

Dispose()调用下面的代码,关闭HttpClient实例打开的连接。代码是通过使用dotPeek进行反编译创建的。

HttpClientHandler.cs -特性

ServicePointManager.CloseConnectionGroups(this.connectionGroupName);

如果你不调用dispose,那么ServicePointManager。由定时器运行的MaxServicePointIdleTime将关闭http连接。缺省值是100秒。

ServicePointManager.cs

internal static readonly TimerThread.Callback s_IdleServicePointTimeoutDelegate = new TimerThread.Callback(ServicePointManager.IdleServicePointTimeoutCallback);
private static volatile TimerThread.Queue s_ServicePointIdlingQueue = TimerThread.GetOrCreateQueue(100000);

private static void IdleServicePointTimeoutCallback(TimerThread.Timer timer, int timeNoticed, object context)
{
  ServicePoint servicePoint = (ServicePoint) context;
  if (Logging.On)
    Logging.PrintInfo(Logging.Web, SR.GetString("net_log_closed_idle", (object) "ServicePoint", (object) servicePoint.GetHashCode()));
  lock (ServicePointManager.s_ServicePointTable)
    ServicePointManager.s_ServicePointTable.Remove((object) servicePoint.LookupString);
  servicePoint.ReleaseAllConnectionGroups();
}

如果你还没有将空闲时间设置为无限,那么不调用dispose并让空闲连接计时器启动并为你关闭连接似乎是安全的,尽管如果你知道你已经完成了HttpClient实例并更快地释放资源,那么在using语句中调用dispose会更好。

其他回答

在我的例子中,我在一个实际执行服务调用的方法中创建了一个HttpClient。喜欢的东西:

public void DoServiceCall() {
  var client = new HttpClient();
  await client.PostAsync();
}

在Azure工作人员角色中,在反复调用该方法之后(没有处理HttpClient),它最终会以SocketException失败(连接尝试失败)。

我使HttpClient成为一个实例变量(在类级别上处理它),这个问题就消失了。所以我会说,是的,释放HttpClient,假设它是安全的(你没有未完成的异步调用)。

因为似乎还没有人在这里提到它,在。net Core >=2.1和。net 5.0+中管理HttpClient和HttpClientHandler的最佳新方法是使用HttpClientFactory。

它以一种干净和易于使用的方式解决了上述大多数问题和陷阱。摘自Steve Gordon的博客文章:

将以下包添加到.Net Core(2.1.1或更高版本)项目中:

Microsoft.AspNetCore.All
Microsoft.Extensions.Http

将此添加到Startup.cs:

services.AddHttpClient();

注射使用:

[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
    private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;

    public ValuesController(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
    {
        _httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
    }

    [HttpGet]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Get()
    {
        var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
        var result = await client.GetStringAsync("http://www.google.com");
        return Ok(result);
    }
}

探索Steve博客中的系列文章,了解更多功能。

一般的共识是您不(不应该)需要处理HttpClient。

许多密切参与其工作方式的人都说过这一点。

请参阅Darrel Miller的博客文章和相关的SO文章:HttpClient爬行导致内存泄漏。

我还强烈建议你阅读《用ASP设计可进化的Web api》中的HttpClient章节。NET提供关于底层发生了什么的上下文,特别是这里引用的“生命周期”部分:

Although HttpClient does indirectly implement the IDisposable interface, the standard usage of HttpClient is not to dispose of it after every request. The HttpClient object is intended to live for as long as your application needs to make HTTP requests. Having an object exist across multiple requests enables a place for setting DefaultRequestHeaders and prevents you from having to re-specify things like CredentialCache and CookieContainer on every request as was necessary with HttpWebRequest.

甚至可以打开DotPeek。

目前的答案有点令人困惑和误导,它们遗漏了一些重要的DNS含义。我会试着把情况总结清楚。

Generally speaking most IDisposable objects should ideally be disposed when you are done with them, especially those that own Named/shared OS resources. HttpClient is no exception, since as Darrel Miller points out it allocates cancellation tokens, and request/response bodies can be unmanaged streams. However, the best practice for HttpClient says you should create one instance and reuse it as much as possible (using its thread-safe members in multi-threaded scenarios). Therefore, in most scenarios you'll never dispose of it simply because you will be needing it all the time. The problem with re-using the same HttpClient "forever" is that the underlying HTTP connection might remain open against the originally DNS-resolved IP, regardless of DNS changes. This can be an issue in scenarios like blue/green deployment and DNS-based failover. There are various approaches for dealing with this issue, the most reliable one involving the server sending out a Connection:close header after DNS changes take place. Another possibility involves recycling the HttpClient on the client side, either periodically or via some mechanism that learns about the DNS change. See https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/11224 for more information (I suggest reading it carefully before blindly using the code suggested in the linked blog post).

不,不要在每个请求时都创建一个新的(即使你处理了旧的)。您将导致服务器本身(不仅仅是应用程序)因为操作系统上网络级别的端口耗尽而崩溃!

请阅读下面我对一个非常类似的问题的回答。很明显,您应该将HttpClient实例视为单例,并在请求之间重用。

在WebAPI客户端中每次调用创建一个新的HttpClient的开销是多少?