在构造函数中使用依赖注入使管理HttpClient的生命周期变得更容易——将生命周期管理置于需要它的代码之外，并使它在以后的日期中容易更改。

我目前的偏好是创建一个单独的http客户端类，每个目标端点域从HttpClient继承一次，然后使用依赖注入使其成为单例。公共类ExampleHttpClient: HttpClient{…｝

然后，我在需要访问该API的服务类中的自定义http客户机上获取构造函数依赖项。这解决了生存期问题，并且在连接池方面具有优势。

您可以在https://stackoverflow.com/a/50238944/3140853的相关回答中看到一个工作示例

因为似乎还没有人在这里提到它，在。net Core >=2.1和。net 5.0+中管理HttpClient和HttpClientHandler的最佳新方法是使用HttpClientFactory。

它以一种干净和易于使用的方式解决了上述大多数问题和陷阱。摘自Steve Gordon的博客文章:

将以下包添加到.Net Core(2.1.1或更高版本)项目中:

Microsoft.AspNetCore.All
Microsoft.Extensions.Http

将此添加到Startup.cs:

services.AddHttpClient();

注射使用:

[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
    private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;

    public ValuesController(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
    {
        _httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
    }

    [HttpGet]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Get()
    {
        var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
        var result = await client.GetStringAsync("http://www.google.com");
        return Ok(result);
    }
}

探索Steve博客中的系列文章，了解更多功能。

如果你想要释放HttpClient，你可以把它设置为一个资源池。在应用程序的末尾，分配资源池。

代码:

// Notice that IDisposable is not implemented here!
public interface HttpClientHandle
{
    HttpRequestHeaders DefaultRequestHeaders { get; }
    Uri BaseAddress { get; set; }
    // ...
    // All the other methods from peeking at HttpClient
}

public class HttpClientHander : HttpClient, HttpClientHandle, IDisposable
{
    public static ConditionalWeakTable<Uri, HttpClientHander> _httpClientsPool;
    public static HashSet<Uri> _uris;

    static HttpClientHander()
    {
        _httpClientsPool = new ConditionalWeakTable<Uri, HttpClientHander>();
        _uris = new HashSet<Uri>();
        SetupGlobalPoolFinalizer();
    }

    private DateTime _delayFinalization = DateTime.MinValue;
    private bool _isDisposed = false;

    public static HttpClientHandle GetHttpClientHandle(Uri baseUrl)
    {
        HttpClientHander httpClient = _httpClientsPool.GetOrCreateValue(baseUrl);
        _uris.Add(baseUrl);
        httpClient._delayFinalization = DateTime.MinValue;
        httpClient.BaseAddress = baseUrl;

        return httpClient;
    }

    void IDisposable.Dispose()
    {
        _isDisposed = true;
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);

        base.Dispose();
    }

    ~HttpClientHander()
    {
        if (_delayFinalization == DateTime.MinValue)
            _delayFinalization = DateTime.UtcNow;
        if (DateTime.UtcNow.Subtract(_delayFinalization) < base.Timeout)
            GC.ReRegisterForFinalize(this);
    }

    private static void SetupGlobalPoolFinalizer()
    {
        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.ProcessExit +=
            (sender, eventArgs) => { FinalizeGlobalPool(); };
    }

    private static void FinalizeGlobalPool()
    {
        foreach (var key in _uris)
        {
            HttpClientHander value = null;
            if (_httpClientsPool.TryGetValue(key, out value))
                try { value.Dispose(); } catch { }
        }

        _uris.Clear();
        _httpClientsPool = null;
    }
}

var handler = HttpClientHander.GetHttpClientHandle（new Uri（“base url”））.

HttpClient作为一个接口，不能调用Dispose()。 Dispose()将被垃圾回收器以延迟的方式调用。 或者当程序通过析构函数清理对象时。 使用弱引用+延迟清理逻辑，因此只要它被频繁重用，它就会一直被使用。 它只为传递给它的每个基本URL分配一个新的HttpClient。原因由Ohad Schneider解释，答案如下。更改基本url时的不良行为。 HttpClientHandle允许在测试中进行mock

Dispose()调用下面的代码，关闭HttpClient实例打开的连接。代码是通过使用dotPeek进行反编译创建的。

HttpClientHandler.cs -特性

ServicePointManager.CloseConnectionGroups(this.connectionGroupName);

如果你不调用dispose，那么ServicePointManager。由定时器运行的MaxServicePointIdleTime将关闭http连接。缺省值是100秒。

ServicePointManager.cs

internal static readonly TimerThread.Callback s_IdleServicePointTimeoutDelegate = new TimerThread.Callback(ServicePointManager.IdleServicePointTimeoutCallback);
private static volatile TimerThread.Queue s_ServicePointIdlingQueue = TimerThread.GetOrCreateQueue(100000);

private static void IdleServicePointTimeoutCallback(TimerThread.Timer timer, int timeNoticed, object context)
{
  ServicePoint servicePoint = (ServicePoint) context;
  if (Logging.On)
    Logging.PrintInfo(Logging.Web, SR.GetString("net_log_closed_idle", (object) "ServicePoint", (object) servicePoint.GetHashCode()));
  lock (ServicePointManager.s_ServicePointTable)
    ServicePointManager.s_ServicePointTable.Remove((object) servicePoint.LookupString);
  servicePoint.ReleaseAllConnectionGroups();
}

如果你还没有将空闲时间设置为无限，那么不调用dispose并让空闲连接计时器启动并为你关闭连接似乎是安全的，尽管如果你知道你已经完成了HttpClient实例并更快地释放资源，那么在using语句中调用dispose会更好。

目前的答案有点令人困惑和误导，它们遗漏了一些重要的DNS含义。我会试着把情况总结清楚。

Generally speaking most IDisposable objects should ideally be disposed when you are done with them, especially those that own Named/shared OS resources. HttpClient is no exception, since as Darrel Miller points out it allocates cancellation tokens, and request/response bodies can be unmanaged streams. However, the best practice for HttpClient says you should create one instance and reuse it as much as possible (using its thread-safe members in multi-threaded scenarios). Therefore, in most scenarios you'll never dispose of it simply because you will be needing it all the time. The problem with re-using the same HttpClient "forever" is that the underlying HTTP connection might remain open against the originally DNS-resolved IP, regardless of DNS changes. This can be an issue in scenarios like blue/green deployment and DNS-based failover. There are various approaches for dealing with this issue, the most reliable one involving the server sending out a Connection:close header after DNS changes take place. Another possibility involves recycling the HttpClient on the client side, either periodically or via some mechanism that learns about the DNS change. See https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/11224 for more information (I suggest reading it carefully before blindly using the code suggested in the linked blog post).

在典型使用中(响应<2GB)，没有必要Dispose HttpResponseMessages。

如果HttpClient方法的流内容没有被完全读取，那么它们的返回类型应该被丢弃。否则，CLR没有办法知道这些流可以被关闭，直到它们被垃圾回收。

如果你正在将数据读入字节[](例如GetByteArrayAsync)或字符串，所有的数据都被读取，所以不需要处理。 其他重载将默认读取流到2GB (HttpCompletionOption是ResponseContentRead, HttpClient。MaxResponseContentBufferSize默认为2GB)

如果你设置HttpCompletionOption为ResponseHeadersRead或者响应大于2GB，你应该清理。这可以通过在HttpResponseMessage上调用Dispose或在从HttpResonseMessage内容中获得的流上调用Dispose/Close来完成，也可以通过完全读取内容来完成。

是否在HttpClient上调用Dispose取决于是否想要取消挂起的请求。