根据志刚的回答，这可以避免自我毁灭:

init_killtree() {
    local pid=$1 child

    for child in $(pgrep -P $pid); do
        init_killtree $child
    done
    [ $pid -ne $$ ] && kill -kill $pid
}

在sh中，jobs命令将列出后台进程。在某些情况下，最好先杀死最新的进程，例如旧进程创建了一个共享套接字。在这些情况下，将pid按相反的顺序排序。有时您希望在作业停止之前等待作业在磁盘上写入一些内容或类似的东西。

如果没必要就不要杀人!

for SIGNAL in TERM KILL; do
  for CHILD in $(jobs -s|sort -r); do
    kill -s $SIGNAL $CHILD
    sleep $MOMENT
  done
done

如果你想按名称杀死一个进程:

killall -9 -g someprocessname

or

pgrep someprocessname | xargs pkill -9 -g

使用psutil使用python非常容易做到这一点。只要用pip安装psutil，你就有了一整套进程操作工具:

def killChildren(pid):
    parent = psutil.Process(pid)
    for child in parent.get_children(True):
        if child.is_running():
            child.terminate()

谢谢你们的智慧。我的脚本在退出时留下了一些子进程，而否定提示使事情变得更容易。我写这个函数是为了在其他脚本中使用:

# kill my group's subprocesses:          killGroup
# kill also myself:                      killGroup -x
# kill another group's subprocesses:     killGroup N  
# kill that group all:                   killGroup -x N
# N: PID of the main process (= process group ID).

function killGroup () {
    local prid mainpid
    case $1 in
        -x) [ -n "$2" ] && kill -9 -$2 || kill -9 -$$ ;;
        "") mainpid=$$ ;;
         *) mainpid=$1 ;;
    esac
    prid=$(ps ax -o pid,pgid | grep $mainpid)
    prid=${prid//$mainpid/}
    kill -9 $prid 2>/dev/null
    return
}

欢呼。

使用进程组ID (PGID)杀死属于同一进程树的所有进程

使用默认信号(TERM = 15) 使用信号kill (9)

您可以从同一进程树的任何进程id (PID)中检索PGID

杀- - - $ (ps - o pgid = $ PID | grep - o '[0 - 9] * ')(信号) $(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o '[0-9]*')(信号kill)

特别感谢tanager和Speakus对$PID剩余空间和OSX兼容性的贡献。

解释

kill -9 -"$PGID" => Send signal 9 (KILL) to all child and grandchild... PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID") => Retrieve the Process-Group-ID from any Process-ID of the tree, not only the Process-Parent-ID. A variation of ps opgid= $PID is ps -o pgid --no-headers $PID where pgid can be replaced by pgrp. But: ps inserts leading spaces when PID is less than five digits and right aligned as noticed by tanager. You can use: PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID" | tr -d ' ') ps from OSX always print the header, therefore Speakus proposes: PGID="$( ps -o pgid "$PID" | grep [0-9] | tr -d ' ' )" grep -o [0-9]* prints successive digits only (does not print spaces or alphabetical headers).

更多命令行

PGID=$(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o [0-9]*)
kill -TERM -"$PGID"  # kill -15
kill -INT  -"$PGID"  # correspond to [CRTL+C] from keyboard
kill -QUIT -"$PGID"  # correspond to [CRTL+\] from keyboard
kill -CONT -"$PGID"  # restart a stopped process (above signals do not kill it)
sleep 2              # wait terminate process (more time if required)
kill -KILL -"$PGID"  # kill -9 if it does not intercept signals (or buggy)

限制

正如davide和Hubert Kario所注意到的，当kill被属于同一棵树的进程调用时，kill在终止整个树的kill之前可能会杀死自己。 因此，请确保使用具有不同process - group - id的进程运行该命令。

很长的故事

> cat run-many-processes.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
./child.sh background &
./child.sh foreground
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"

> cat child.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
./grandchild.sh background &
./grandchild.sh foreground
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"

> cat grandchild.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
sleep 9999
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"

使用'&'在后台运行流程树

> ./run-many-processes.sh &    
ProcessID=28957 begins (./run-many-processes.sh)
ProcessID=28959 begins (./child.sh)
ProcessID=28958 begins (./child.sh)
ProcessID=28960 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28961 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28962 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28963 begins (./grandchild.sh)

> PID=$!                    # get the Parent Process ID
> PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID")  # get the Process Group ID

> ps fj
 PPID   PID  PGID   SID TTY      TPGID STAT   UID   TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3    28969 Ss   33021   0:00 -bash
28349 28957 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  \_ /bin/sh ./run-many-processes.sh
28957 28958 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   \_ /bin/sh ./child.sh background
28958 28961 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   |   \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28961 28965 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   |   |   \_ sleep 9999
28958 28963 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   |   \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28963 28967 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   |       \_ sleep 9999
28957 28959 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   \_ /bin/sh ./child.sh foreground
28959 28960 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |       \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28960 28964 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |       |   \_ sleep 9999
28959 28962 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |       \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28962 28966 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |           \_ sleep 9999
28349 28969 28969 28349 pts/3    28969 R+   33021   0:00  \_ ps fj

命令pkill -P $PID不杀死孙子:

> pkill -P "$PID"
./run-many-processes.sh: line 4: 28958 Terminated              ./child.sh background
./run-many-processes.sh: line 4: 28959 Terminated              ./child.sh foreground
ProcessID=28957 ends (./run-many-processes.sh)
[1]+  Done                    ./run-many-processes.sh

> ps fj
 PPID   PID  PGID   SID TTY      TPGID STAT   UID   TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3    28987 Ss   33021   0:00 -bash
28349 28987 28987 28349 pts/3    28987 R+   33021   0:00  \_ ps fj
    1 28963 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28963 28967 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00  \_ sleep 9999
    1 28962 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28962 28966 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00  \_ sleep 9999
    1 28961 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28961 28965 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00  \_ sleep 9999
    1 28960 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28960 28964 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00  \_ sleep 9999

命令kill——-$PGID杀死所有进程，包括孙子进程。

> kill --    -"$PGID"  # default signal is TERM (kill -15)
> kill -CONT -"$PGID"  # awake stopped processes
> kill -KILL -"$PGID"  # kill -9 to be sure

> ps fj
 PPID   PID  PGID   SID TTY      TPGID STAT   UID   TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3    29039 Ss   33021   0:00 -bash
28349 29039 29039 28349 pts/3    29039 R+   33021   0:00  \_ ps fj

结论

我注意到在这个例子中PID和PGID是相等的(28957)。 这就是为什么我一开始觉得杀了。-$PID就够了。但如果进程是在Makefile中生成的，则进程ID与组ID不同。

我认为kill——-$(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o[0-9]*)是当从不同的Group ID(另一个进程树)调用时杀死整个进程树的最好的简单技巧。