StringBuilder is probably preferable. The reason is that it allocates more space than currently needed (you set the number of characters) to leave room for future appends. Then those future appends that fit in the current buffer don't require any memory allocation or garbage collection, which can be expensive. In general, I use StringBuilder for complex string concatentation or multiple formatting, then convert to a normal String when the data is complete, and I want an immutable object again.

The performance of a concatenation operation for a String or StringBuilder object depends on how often a memory allocation occurs. A String concatenation operation always allocates memory, whereas a StringBuilder concatenation operation only allocates memory if the StringBuilder object buffer is too small to accommodate the new data. Consequently, the String class is preferable for a concatenation operation if a fixed number of String objects are concatenated. In that case, the individual concatenation operations might even be combined into a single operation by the compiler. A StringBuilder object is preferable for a concatenation operation if an arbitrary number of strings are concatenated; for example, if a loop concatenates a random number of strings of user input.

来源:MSDN

是的，性能差异是显著的。请参阅KB文章“如何在Visual c#中提高字符串连接性能”。

我总是试着先编写清晰的代码，然后再优化性能。这比反过来做要容易得多!但是，看到了两者在我的应用程序中的巨大性能差异后，我现在更仔细地考虑了一下。

幸运的是，在代码上运行性能分析相对简单，可以看到您在哪些地方花费了时间，然后在需要的地方修改它以使用StringBuilder。

从内存的角度来看，StringBuilder的性能会更好。至于处理，执行时间的差异可以忽略不计。

String和StringBuilder实际上都是不可变的，StringBuilder内置了缓冲区，允许更有效地管理其大小。当StringBuilder需要调整大小时，就是在堆上重新分配它的时候。默认情况下，它的大小为16个字符，您可以在构造函数中设置此值。

eg.

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(50);

我相信StringBuilder更快，如果你有超过4个字符串，你需要附加在一起。此外，它可以做一些很酷的事情，如AppendLine。