The performance of a concatenation operation for a String or StringBuilder object depends on how often a memory allocation occurs. A String concatenation operation always allocates memory, whereas a StringBuilder concatenation operation only allocates memory if the StringBuilder object buffer is too small to accommodate the new data. Consequently, the String class is preferable for a concatenation operation if a fixed number of String objects are concatenated. In that case, the individual concatenation operations might even be combined into a single operation by the compiler. A StringBuilder object is preferable for a concatenation operation if an arbitrary number of strings are concatenated; for example, if a loop concatenates a random number of strings of user input.

来源:MSDN

是的，性能差异是显著的。请参阅KB文章“如何在Visual c#中提高字符串连接性能”。

我总是试着先编写清晰的代码，然后再优化性能。这比反过来做要容易得多!但是，看到了两者在我的应用程序中的巨大性能差异后，我现在更仔细地考虑了一下。

幸运的是，在代码上运行性能分析相对简单，可以看到您在哪些地方花费了时间，然后在需要的地方修改它以使用StringBuilder。

在. net中，StringBuilder仍然比追加字符串快。我很确定在Java中，它们只是在附加字符串时在底层创建了一个StringBuffer，所以没有真正的区别。我不确定为什么他们还没有在。net中这样做。

StringBuilder减少了分配和赋值的数量，代价是使用了额外的内存。如果使用得当，它可以完全消除编译器需要一遍又一遍地分配越来越大的字符串，直到找到结果为止。

string result = "";
for(int i = 0; i != N; ++i)
{
   result = result + i.ToString();   // allocates a new string, then assigns it to result, which gets repeated N times
}

vs.

String result;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(10000);   // create a buffer of 10k
for(int i = 0; i != N; ++i)
{
   sb.Append(i.ToString());          // fill the buffer, resizing if it overflows the buffer
}

result = sb.ToString();   // assigns once

使用字符串进行连接会导致运行时复杂度达到O(n^2)的量级。

如果使用StringBuilder，需要复制的内存就会少得多。使用StringBuilder(int capacity)，如果您可以估计最终字符串的大小，则可以提高性能。即使不精确，也可能只需要将StringBuilder的容量增加几倍，这也有助于提高性能。

StringBuilder更适合从许多非常量值构建字符串。

If you're building up a string from a lot of constant values, such as multiple lines of values in an HTML or XML document or other chunks of text, you can get away with just appending to the same string, because almost all compilers do "constant folding", a process of reducing the parse tree when you have a bunch of constant manipulation (it's also used when you write something like int minutesPerYear = 24 * 365 * 60). And for simple cases with non-constant values appended to each other, the .NET compiler will reduce your code to something similar to what StringBuilder does.

但是当你的append不能被编译器简化为更简单的东西时，你将需要一个StringBuilder。正如fizch所指出的，这更有可能发生在循环内部。