The performance of a concatenation operation for a String or StringBuilder object depends on how often a memory allocation occurs. A String concatenation operation always allocates memory, whereas a StringBuilder concatenation operation only allocates memory if the StringBuilder object buffer is too small to accommodate the new data. Consequently, the String class is preferable for a concatenation operation if a fixed number of String objects are concatenated. In that case, the individual concatenation operations might even be combined into a single operation by the compiler. A StringBuilder object is preferable for a concatenation operation if an arbitrary number of strings are concatenated; for example, if a loop concatenates a random number of strings of user input.

来源:MSDN

我已经看到，在StringBuilder的实例上使用EnsureCapacity(int capacity)方法调用，然后再将它用于任何字符串存储，可以显著提高性能。我通常在实例化后的代码行中调用它。它的效果和你这样实例化StringBuilder是一样的:

var sb = new StringBuilder(int capacity);

该调用会提前分配所需的内存，从而在多个Append()操作期间减少内存分配。您必须对需要多少内存做出有根据的猜测，但对于大多数应用程序来说，这应该不会太难。我通常会在内存过多的情况下犯错(我们说的是1k左右)。

StringBuilder减少了分配和赋值的数量，代价是使用了额外的内存。如果使用得当，它可以完全消除编译器需要一遍又一遍地分配越来越大的字符串，直到找到结果为止。

string result = "";
for(int i = 0; i != N; ++i)
{
   result = result + i.ToString();   // allocates a new string, then assigns it to result, which gets repeated N times
}

vs.

String result;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(10000);   // create a buffer of 10k
for(int i = 0; i != N; ++i)
{
   sb.Append(i.ToString());          // fill the buffer, resizing if it overflows the buffer
}

result = sb.ToString();   // assigns once

从内存的角度来看，StringBuilder的性能会更好。至于处理，执行时间的差异可以忽略不计。

字符串连接将花费更多。 在Java中，您可以根据需要使用StringBuffer或StringBuilder。 如果您想要一个同步的、线程安全的实现，请使用StringBuffer。这将比字符串连接更快。

如果你不需要同步的或者线程安全的实现，选择StringBuilder。 这将比String连接更快，也比StringBuffer更快，因为它们没有同步开销。

The performance of a concatenation operation for a String or StringBuilder object depends on how often a memory allocation occurs. A String concatenation operation always allocates memory, whereas a StringBuilder concatenation operation only allocates memory if the StringBuilder object buffer is too small to accommodate the new data. Consequently, the String class is preferable for a concatenation operation if a fixed number of String objects are concatenated. In that case, the individual concatenation operations might even be combined into a single operation by the compiler. A StringBuilder object is preferable for a concatenation operation if an arbitrary number of strings are concatenated; for example, if a loop concatenates a random number of strings of user input.

来源:MSDN