是否有跨浏览器的CSS/JavaScript技术来显示一个长HTML表，使列标题保持固定在屏幕上，而不随表体滚动。想想微软Excel中的“冻结窗格”效果。
我希望能够滚动表的内容，但总是能够在顶部看到列标题。
当前回答
对于那些尝试了Maximilian Hils给出的很好的解决方案，但没有成功地让它在Internet Explorer上工作的人，我遇到了同样的问题(Internet Explorer 11)，并找到了问题所在。
在Internet Explorer 11中，样式转换(至少使用translate)在<THEAD>上不起作用。我通过将样式应用到循环中的所有<TH>来解决这个问题。这工作。我的JavaScript代码是这样的:
document.getElementById('pnlGridWrap').addEventListener("scroll", function () {
var translate = "translate(0," + this.scrollTop + "px)";
var myElements = this.querySelectorAll("th");
for (var i = 0; i < myElements.length; i++) {
myElements[i].style.transform=translate;
}
});
在我的例子中，表格是ASP.NET中的GridView。起初我认为这是因为它没有<THEAD>，但即使我强迫它有一个，它也不工作。然后我发现了我上面写的东西。
这是一个非常好的简单的解决方案。在Chrome浏览器上它是完美的，在Firefox上有点不稳定，在ie浏览器上就更不稳定了。但总的来说，这是个好办法。
其他回答
使用最新版本的jQuery，并包含以下JavaScript代码。
$(window).scroll(function(){
$("id of the div element").offset({top:$(window).scrollTop()});
});
派对来的很晚了，但这仍然是一个派对，以下是我对顺风车的看法:
<div class="h-screen overflow-hidden flex flex-col">
<div class="overflow-y-scroll flex-1">
<table>
<thead class="sticky top-0">
<tr>
<th>Timestamp</th>
<th>Species</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>2022-02-09T08:20:39.967Z</td>
<td>willow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2022-02-09T08:21:29.453Z</td>
<td>red osier dogwood</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2022-02-09T08:22:18.984Z</td>
<td>buttonbush</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
以下是一个关于顺风游戏的完整工作示例。
<html>
<head>
<script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery@3.2.1/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
function stickyTableHead (tableID) {
var $tmain = $(tableID);
var $tScroll = $tmain.children("thead")
.clone()
.wrapAll('<table id="tScroll" />')
.parent()
.addClass($(tableID).attr("class"))
.css("position", "fixed")
.css("top", "0")
.css("display", "none")
.prependTo("#tMain");
var pos = $tmain.offset().top + $tmain.find(">thead").height();
$(document).scroll(function () {
var dataScroll = $tScroll.data("scroll");
dataScroll = dataScroll || false;
if ($(this).scrollTop() >= pos) {
if (!dataScroll) {
$tScroll
.data("scroll", true)
.show()
.find("th").each(function () {
$(this).width($tmain.find(">thead>tr>th").eq($(this).index()).width());
});
}
} else {
if (dataScroll) {
$tScroll
.data("scroll", false)
.hide()
;
}
}
});
}
$(document).ready(function () {
stickyTableHead('#tMain');
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
<table id="tMain" >
<thead>
<tr>
<th>1</th> <th>2</th><th>3</th> <th>4</th><th>5</th> <th>6</th><th>7</th> <th>8</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
我开发了一个简单的轻量级jQuery插件，用于将格式良好的HTML表转换为具有固定表头和列的可滚动表。
该插件可以很好地匹配固定部分与可滚动部分的像素到像素的定位。此外，您还可以冻结水平滚动时始终显示在视图中的列数。
演示和文档:http://meetselva.github.io/fixed-table-rows-cols/
GitHub存储库:https://github.com/meetselva/fixed-table-rows-cols
下面是带有固定表头的简单表的用法，
$(<table selector>).fxdHdrCol({
width: "100%",
height: 200,
colModal: [{width: 30, align: 'center'},
{width: 70, align: 'center'},
{width: 200, align: 'left'},
{width: 100, align: 'center'},
{width: 70, align: 'center'},
{width: 250, align: 'center'}
]
});
一个更精致的纯CSS滚动表
到目前为止，我所见过的所有纯CSS解决方案——尽管它们可能很聪明——都缺乏一定程度的优化，或者在某些情况下不能正常工作。所以，我决定创建我自己的…
特点:
It's pure CSS, so no jQuery required (or any JavaScript code at all, for that matter) You can set the table width to a percent (a.k.a. "fluid") or a fixed value, or let the content determine its width (a.k.a. "auto") Column widths can also be fluid, fixed, or auto. Columns will never become misaligned with headers due to horizontal scrolling (a problem that occurs in every other CSS-based solution I've seen that doesn't require fixed widths). Compatible with all of the popular desktop browsers, including Internet Explorer back to version 8 Clean, polished appearance; no sloppy-looking 1-pixel gaps or misaligned borders; looks the same in all browsers
下面是一些显示流体和自动宽度选项的控件:
流体宽度和高度(适应屏幕大小):jsFiddle(注意，在此配置中，滚动条只在需要时显示，因此您可能必须缩小帧才能看到它) 自动宽度，固定高度(更容易与其他内容集成):jsFiddle
自动宽度，固定高度配置可能有更多的用例，所以我将在下面发布代码。
/* The following 'html' and 'body' rule sets are required only if using a % width or height*/ /*html { width: 100%; height: 100%; }*/ body { box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0 20px 0 20px; text-align: center; } .scrollingtable { box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; width: auto; /* If you want a fixed width, set it here, else set to auto */ min-width: 0/*100%*/; /* If you want a % width, set it here, else set to 0 */ height: 188px/*100%*/; /* Set table height here; can be fixed value or % */ min-height: 0/*104px*/; /* If using % height, make this large enough to fit scrollbar arrows + caption + thead */ font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 20px 0 20px 0; /* Need enough padding to make room for caption */ text-align: left; color: black; } .scrollingtable * {box-sizing: border-box;} .scrollingtable > div { position: relative; border-top: 1px solid black; height: 100%; padding-top: 20px; /* This determines column header height */ } .scrollingtable > div:before { top: 0; background: cornflowerblue; /* Header row background color */ } .scrollingtable > div:before, .scrollingtable > div > div:after { content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: -1; width: 100%; height: 100%; left: 0; } .scrollingtable > div > div { min-height: 0/*43px*/; /* If using % height, make this large enough to fit scrollbar arrows */ max-height: 100%; overflow: scroll/*auto*/; /* Set to auto if using fixed or % width; else scroll */ overflow-x: hidden; border: 1px solid black; /* Border around table body */ } .scrollingtable > div > div:after {background: white;} /* Match page background color */ .scrollingtable > div > div > table { width: 100%; border-spacing: 0; margin-top: -20px; /* Inverse of column header height */ /*margin-right: 17px;*/ /* Uncomment if using % width */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > caption { position: absolute; top: -20px; /*inverse of caption height*/ margin-top: -1px; /*inverse of border-width*/ width: 100%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > * > tr > * {padding: 0;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead { vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div { display: inline-block; padding: 0 6px 0 6px; /*header cell padding*/ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > :first-child:before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 20px; /*match column header height*/ border-left: 1px solid black; /*leftmost header border*/ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:before, .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div > div:first-child, .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * + :before { position: absolute; top: 0; white-space: pre-wrap; color: white; /*header row font color*/ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:before, .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:after {content: attr(label);} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * + :before { content: ""; display: block; min-height: 20px; /* Match column header height */ padding-top: 1px; border-left: 1px solid black; /* Borders between header cells */ } .scrollingtable .scrollbarhead {float: right;} .scrollingtable .scrollbarhead:before { position: absolute; width: 100px; top: -1px; /* Inverse border-width */ background: white; /* Match page background color */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr:after { content: ""; display: table-cell; position: relative; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; top: -1px; /* Inverse of border width */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody {vertical-align: top;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr {background: white;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr > * { border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 6px 0 6px; height: 20px; /* Match column header height */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody:last-of-type > tr:last-child > * {border-bottom: none;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(even) {background: gainsboro;} /* Alternate row color */ .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr > * + * {border-left: 1px solid black;} /* Borders between body cells */ <div class="scrollingtable"> <div> <div> <table> <caption>Top Caption</caption> <thead> <tr> <th><div label="Column 1"/></th> <th><div label="Column 2"/></th> <th><div label="Column 3"/></th> <th> <!-- More versatile way of doing column label; requires two identical copies of label --> <div><div>Column 4</div><div>Column 4</div></div> </th> <th class="scrollbarhead"/> <!-- ALWAYS ADD THIS EXTRA CELL AT END OF HEADER ROW --> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> Faux bottom caption </div> </div> <!--[if lte IE 9]><style>.scrollingtable > div > div > table {margin-right: 17px;}</style><![endif]-->
我用来冻结标题行的方法与d-Pixie的方法类似，因此请参阅他的帖子以获得解释。该技术存在大量错误和限制，只能通过大量额外的CSS和一两个额外的div容器来修复。
