我正在学习异步/等待,遇到了需要同步调用异步方法的情况。我该怎么做呢?

异步方法:

public async Task<Customers> GetCustomers()
{
    return await Service.GetCustomersAsync();
}

正常的用法:

public async void GetCustomers()
{
    customerList = await GetCustomers();
}

我尝试使用以下方法:

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.Wait()

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.RunSynchronously();

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
while(task.Status != TaskStatus.RanToCompletion)

我还尝试了这里的一个建议,但是当调度程序处于挂起状态时,它不起作用。

public static void WaitWithPumping(this Task task) 
{
        if (task == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(“task”);
        var nestedFrame = new DispatcherFrame();
        task.ContinueWith(_ => nestedFrame.Continue = false);
        Dispatcher.PushFrame(nestedFrame);
        task.Wait();
}

下面是调用runsynchronically时的异常和堆栈跟踪:

系统。InvalidOperationException 消息:在未绑定到委托的任务上不能调用runsynchronically。 InnerException:零 来源:mscorlib 加:

          at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.InternalRunSynchronously(TaskScheduler scheduler)
   at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.RunSynchronously()
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.CreateAvailablePanelList() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 638
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.get_AvailablePanels() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 233
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>b__36(DesktopPanel panel) in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 597
   at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.ForEach(Action`1 action)
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>d__3b.MoveNext() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 625
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.<>c__DisplayClass7.<TrySetContinuationForAwait>b__1(Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl()
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeInSecurityContext(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.InvokeImpl(DispatcherPriority priority, TimeSpan timeout, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
   at MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(MSG& msg)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrame(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run()
   at System.Windows.Application.RunDispatcher(Object ignore)
   at System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run()
   at MyApplication.App.Main() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication\obj\Debug\App.g.cs:line 50
   at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args)
   at System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args)
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly()
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart()

当前回答

下面是我发现的一个变通方法,适用于所有情况(包括被停职的调度员)。这不是我的代码,我仍在努力完全理解它,但它确实有效。

它可以被调用使用:

customerList = AsyncHelpers.RunSync<List<Customer>>(() => GetCustomers());

代码从这里开始

public static class AsyncHelpers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Execute's an async Task<T> method which has a void return value synchronously
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="task">Task<T> method to execute</param>
    public static void RunSync(Func<Task> task)
    {
        var oldContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
        var synch = new ExclusiveSynchronizationContext();
        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(synch);
        synch.Post(async _ =>
        {
            try
            {
                await task();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                synch.InnerException = e;
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                synch.EndMessageLoop();
            }
        }, null);
        synch.BeginMessageLoop();

        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(oldContext);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Execute's an async Task<T> method which has a T return type synchronously
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Return Type</typeparam>
    /// <param name="task">Task<T> method to execute</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static T RunSync<T>(Func<Task<T>> task)
    {
        var oldContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
        var synch = new ExclusiveSynchronizationContext();
        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(synch);
        T ret = default(T);
        synch.Post(async _ =>
        {
            try
            {
                ret = await task();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                synch.InnerException = e;
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                synch.EndMessageLoop();
            }
        }, null);
        synch.BeginMessageLoop();
        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(oldContext);
        return ret;
    }

    private class ExclusiveSynchronizationContext : SynchronizationContext
    {
        private bool done;
        public Exception InnerException { get; set; }
        readonly AutoResetEvent workItemsWaiting = new AutoResetEvent(false);
        readonly Queue<Tuple<SendOrPostCallback, object>> items =
            new Queue<Tuple<SendOrPostCallback, object>>();

        public override void Send(SendOrPostCallback d, object state)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException("We cannot send to our same thread");
        }

        public override void Post(SendOrPostCallback d, object state)
        {
            lock (items)
            {
                items.Enqueue(Tuple.Create(d, state));
            }
            workItemsWaiting.Set();
        }

        public void EndMessageLoop()
        {
            Post(_ => done = true, null);
        }

        public void BeginMessageLoop()
        {
            while (!done)
            {
                Tuple<SendOrPostCallback, object> task = null;
                lock (items)
                {
                    if (items.Count > 0)
                    {
                        task = items.Dequeue();
                    }
                }
                if (task != null)
                {
                    task.Item1(task.Item2);
                    if (InnerException != null) // the method threw an exeption
                    {
                        throw new AggregateException("AsyncHelpers.Run method threw an exception.", InnerException);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    workItemsWaiting.WaitOne();
                }
            }
        }

        public override SynchronizationContext CreateCopy()
        {
            return this;
        }
    }
}

其他回答

我发现SpinWait在这方面工作得很好。

var task = Task.Run(()=>DoSomethingAsyncronous());

if(!SpinWait.SpinUntil(()=>task.IsComplete, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)))
{//Task didn't complete within 30 seconds, fail...
   return false;
}

return true;

上述方法不需要使用. result或. wait()。它还允许您指定一个超时,以便在任务从未完成的情况下,您不会永远卡住。

这个答案是为任何在。net 4.5中使用WPF的人设计的。

如果你试图在GUI线程上执行Task.Run(),那么task.Wait()将无限期挂起,如果你的函数定义中没有async关键字的话。

这个扩展方法通过检查我们是否在GUI线程上解决了这个问题,如果是,就在WPF调度程序线程上运行任务。

在不可避免的情况下,例如MVVM属性或对其他不使用async/await的api的依赖,该类可以充当异步/await世界和非异步/await世界之间的粘合剂。

/// <summary>
///     Intent: runs an async/await task synchronously. Designed for use with WPF.
///     Normally, under WPF, if task.Wait() is executed on the GUI thread without async
///     in the function signature, it will hang with a threading deadlock, this class 
///     solves that problem.
/// </summary>
public static class TaskHelper
{
    public static void MyRunTaskSynchronously(this Task task)
    {
        if (MyIfWpfDispatcherThread)
        {
            var result = Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher.InvokeAsync(async () => { await task; });
            result.Wait();
            if (result.Status != DispatcherOperationStatus.Completed)
            {
                throw new Exception("Error E99213. Task did not run to completion.");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            task.Wait();
            if (task.Status != TaskStatus.RanToCompletion)
            {
                throw new Exception("Error E33213. Task did not run to completion.");
            }
        }
    }

    public static T MyRunTaskSynchronously<T>(this Task<T> task)
    {       
        if (MyIfWpfDispatcherThread)
        {
            T res = default(T);
            var result = Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher.InvokeAsync(async () => { res = await task; });
            result.Wait();
            if (result.Status != DispatcherOperationStatus.Completed)
            {
                throw new Exception("Error E89213. Task did not run to completion.");
            }
            return res;
        }
        else
        {
            T res = default(T);
            var result = Task.Run(async () => res = await task);
            result.Wait();
            if (result.Status != TaskStatus.RanToCompletion)
            {
                throw new Exception("Error E12823. Task did not run to completion.");
            }
            return res;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     If the task is running on the WPF dispatcher thread.
    /// </summary>
    public static bool MyIfWpfDispatcherThread
    {
        get
        {
            return Application.Current.Dispatcher.CheckAccess();
        }
    }
}

简单地调用.Result;或. wait()有死锁的风险,正如许多人在评论中所说的那样。因为我们大多数人都喜欢一行程序,所以你可以在。net 4.5中使用它们。

通过async方法获取一个值:

var result = Task.Run(() => asyncGetValue()).Result;

同步调用异步方法

Task.Run(() => asyncMethod()).Wait();

由于使用Task.Run,不会出现死锁问题。

来源:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/32429753/3850405

如果我没看错你的问题——想要同步调用异步方法的代码正在挂起的调度程序线程上执行。你想要同步地阻塞那个线程直到async方法完成。

c# 5中的异步方法是通过有效地将方法切碎,并返回一个可以跟踪整个shabang的整体完成的Task来实现的。然而,被分割的方法如何执行取决于传递给await操作符的表达式类型。

大多数情况下,您将在Task类型的表达式上使用await。Task对await模式的实现是“智能的”,因为它遵循SynchronizationContext,这基本上会导致以下情况发生:

如果进入await的线程位于Dispatcher或WinForms消息循环线程上,它将确保async方法的块作为消息队列处理的一部分发生。 如果进入await的线程位于线程池线程上,则异步方法的剩余块发生在线程池的任何位置。

这就是为什么您可能会遇到问题——异步方法实现试图在Dispatcher上运行其余部分——即使它被挂起。

.... 备份!....

我要问一个问题,为什么你要在异步方法上同步阻塞?这样做会违背为什么要异步调用该方法的目的。通常,当您开始在Dispatcher或UI方法上使用await时,您将希望将整个UI流转为异步。例如,如果你的调用堆栈如下所示:

(高级)WebRequest.GetResponse () YourCode.HelperMethod () YourCode.AnotherMethod () YourCode.EventHandlerMethod () [UI Code].Plumbing() - WPF或WinForms代码 [消息循环]- WPF或WinForms消息循环

然后,一旦代码转换为使用异步,您通常会得到

(高级)WebRequest.GetResponseAsync () YourCode.HelperMethodAsync () YourCode.AnotherMethodAsync () YourCode.EventHandlerMethodAsync () [UI Code].Plumbing() - WPF或WinForms代码 [消息循环]- WPF或WinForms消息循环


实际回答

上面的AsyncHelpers类实际上可以工作,因为它的行为就像一个嵌套的消息循环,但它将自己的并行机制安装到Dispatcher上,而不是试图在Dispatcher本身上执行。这是解决你的问题的一个办法。

另一种解决方法是在线程池线程上执行async方法,然后等待它完成。这样做很容易-你可以用下面的代码片段来做:

var customerList = TaskEx.RunEx(GetCustomers).Result;

最终的API将是Task.Run(…),但对于CTP,您将需要Ex后缀(此处解释)。

我认为下面的助手方法也可以解决这个问题。

private TResult InvokeAsyncFuncSynchronously<TResult>(Func< Task<TResult>> func)
    {
        TResult result = default(TResult);
        var autoResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);

        Task.Run(async () =>
        {
            try
            {
                result = await func();
            }
            catch (Exception exc)
            {
                mErrorLogger.LogError(exc.ToString());
            }
            finally
            {
                autoResetEvent.Set();
            }
        });
        autoResetEvent.WaitOne();

        return result;
    }

可通过以下方式使用:

InvokeAsyncFuncSynchronously(Service.GetCustomersAsync);