我如何运行异步任务<T>方法同步?

我正在学习异步/等待，遇到了需要同步调用异步方法的情况。我该怎么做呢?

异步方法:

public async Task<Customers> GetCustomers()
{
    return await Service.GetCustomersAsync();
}

正常的用法:

public async void GetCustomers()
{
    customerList = await GetCustomers();
}

我尝试使用以下方法:

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.Wait()

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.RunSynchronously();

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
while(task.Status != TaskStatus.RanToCompletion)

我还尝试了这里的一个建议，但是当调度程序处于挂起状态时，它不起作用。

public static void WaitWithPumping(this Task task) 
{
        if (task == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(“task”);
        var nestedFrame = new DispatcherFrame();
        task.ContinueWith(_ => nestedFrame.Continue = false);
        Dispatcher.PushFrame(nestedFrame);
        task.Wait();
}

下面是调用runsynchronically时的异常和堆栈跟踪:

系统。InvalidOperationException 消息:在未绑定到委托的任务上不能调用runsynchronically。 InnerException:零来源:mscorlib 加:

          at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.InternalRunSynchronously(TaskScheduler scheduler)
   at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.RunSynchronously()
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.CreateAvailablePanelList() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 638
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.get_AvailablePanels() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 233
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>b__36(DesktopPanel panel) in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 597
   at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.ForEach(Action`1 action)
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>d__3b.MoveNext() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 625
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.<>c__DisplayClass7.<TrySetContinuationForAwait>b__1(Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl()
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeInSecurityContext(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.InvokeImpl(DispatcherPriority priority, TimeSpan timeout, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
   at MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(MSG& msg)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrame(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run()
   at System.Windows.Application.RunDispatcher(Object ignore)
   at System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run()
   at MyApplication.App.Main() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication\obj\Debug\App.g.cs:line 50
   at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args)
   at System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args)
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly()
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart()

当前回答

我遇到过几次，主要是在单元测试或windows服务开发中。目前我一直在使用这个功能:

        var runSync = Task.Factory.StartNew(new Func<Task>(async () =>
        {
            Trace.WriteLine("Task runSync Start");
            await TaskEx.Delay(2000); // Simulates a method that returns a task and
                                      // inside it is possible that there
                                      // async keywords or anothers tasks
            Trace.WriteLine("Task runSync Completed");
        })).Unwrap();
        Trace.WriteLine("Before runSync Wait");
        runSync.Wait();
        Trace.WriteLine("After runSync Waited");

这很简单，很容易，我没有任何问题。

2013-10-05 02:54:50

其他回答

我知道这是一个老问题，但我想分享我的解决方案，可能不是最好的，但有效:

//Declare an Event Handler:
private event EventHandler OnThemeApply;

//..somewhere in your code..

//we 'hear' the event handler
this.OnThemeApply += (object _Sender, EventArgs _E) =>
{
  //Reaches here After the Async method had finished
  
  this.OnThemeApply = null;
};
MyAsycMethod();

private void MyAsycMethod()
{
   var t = System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Factory.StartNew(delegate
   {
      //Do something here

      Invoke((MethodInvoker)(() =>
      {
         if(this.OnThemeApply != null) this.OnThemeApply(null, null); //<- Calls the Event
      }));
   });
}

2022-01-28 19:55:28

在。net 4.6中测试。它还可以避免死锁。

对于返回Task的异步方法。

Task DoSomeWork();
Task.Run(async () => await DoSomeWork()).Wait();

对于返回Task<T>的异步方法

Task<T> GetSomeValue();
var result = Task.Run(() => GetSomeValue()).Result;

编辑:

如果调用者在线程池线程中运行(或者调用者也在任务中)，在某些情况下仍然可能导致死锁。

2018-10-24 09:08:51

我认为下面的助手方法也可以解决这个问题。

private TResult InvokeAsyncFuncSynchronously<TResult>(Func< Task<TResult>> func)
    {
        TResult result = default(TResult);
        var autoResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);

        Task.Run(async () =>
        {
            try
            {
                result = await func();
            }
            catch (Exception exc)
            {
                mErrorLogger.LogError(exc.ToString());
            }
            finally
            {
                autoResetEvent.Set();
            }
        });
        autoResetEvent.WaitOne();

        return result;
    }

可通过以下方式使用:

InvokeAsyncFuncSynchronously(Service.GetCustomersAsync);

2016-02-16 09:58:37

令人惊讶的是没有人提到这一点:

public Task<int> BlahAsync()
{
    // ...
}

int result = BlahAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();

虽然不像这里的其他一些方法那么漂亮，但它有以下好处:

它不会吞下异常(像Wait) 它不会包装在AggregateException中抛出的任何异常(如Result) 适用于Task和Task<T>(自己试试!)

此外，由于GetAwaiter是鸭子类型的，这应该适用于从异步方法返回的任何对象(如ConfiguredAwaitable或YieldAwaitable)，而不仅仅是任务。

edit:请注意，这种方法(或使用. result)可能会死锁，除非你确保每次等待时都添加. configureawait (false)，对于所有可能从BlahAsync()到达的异步方法(不仅仅是它直接调用的方法)。解释。

// In BlahAsync() body
await FooAsync(); // BAD!
await FooAsync().ConfigureAwait(false); // Good... but make sure FooAsync() and
                                        // all its descendants use ConfigureAwait(false)
                                        // too. Then you can be sure that
                                        // BlahAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult()
                                        // won't deadlock.

如果你懒得在所有地方添加.ConfigureAwait(false)，并且你不关心性能，你也可以这样做

Task.Run(() => BlahAsync()).GetAwaiter().GetResult()

2016-02-07 19:29:54

为什么不创建一个这样的呼叫:

Service.GetCustomers();

这不是异步的。

2011-02-23 18:20:34

我如何运行异步任务<T>方法同步?

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