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2023-05-27 08:00:01

我如何运行异步任务<T>方法同步?

我正在学习异步/等待，遇到了需要同步调用异步方法的情况。我该怎么做呢?

异步方法:

public async Task<Customers> GetCustomers()
{
    return await Service.GetCustomersAsync();
}

正常的用法:

public async void GetCustomers()
{
    customerList = await GetCustomers();
}

我尝试使用以下方法:

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.Wait()

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.RunSynchronously();

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
while(task.Status != TaskStatus.RanToCompletion)

我还尝试了这里的一个建议，但是当调度程序处于挂起状态时，它不起作用。

public static void WaitWithPumping(this Task task) 
{
        if (task == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(“task”);
        var nestedFrame = new DispatcherFrame();
        task.ContinueWith(_ => nestedFrame.Continue = false);
        Dispatcher.PushFrame(nestedFrame);
        task.Wait();
}

下面是调用runsynchronically时的异常和堆栈跟踪:

系统。InvalidOperationException 消息:在未绑定到委托的任务上不能调用runsynchronically。 InnerException:零 来源:mscorlib 加:

          at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.InternalRunSynchronously(TaskScheduler scheduler)
   at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.RunSynchronously()
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.CreateAvailablePanelList() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 638
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.get_AvailablePanels() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 233
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>b__36(DesktopPanel panel) in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 597
   at System.Collections.Generic.List`1.ForEach(Action`1 action)
   at MyApplication.CustomControls.Controls.MyCustomControl.<CreateOpenPanelList>d__3b.MoveNext() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication.CustomControls\Controls\MyCustomControl.xaml.cs:line 625
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.<>c__DisplayClass7.<TrySetContinuationForAwait>b__1(Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl()
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeInSecurityContext(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.InvokeImpl(DispatcherPriority priority, TimeSpan timeout, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
   at MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(MSG& msg)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrame(DispatcherFrame frame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run()
   at System.Windows.Application.RunDispatcher(Object ignore)
   at System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run(Window window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run()
   at MyApplication.App.Main() in C:\Documents and Settings\...\MyApplication\obj\Debug\App.g.cs:line 50
   at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args)
   at System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args)
   at Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly()
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(Object state)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
   at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart()

当前回答

注意:我认为作为最佳实践，不建议改变操作的性质，如果它是异步的，最好的事情是处理它(异步的所有方式)。通过这种方式，您可以获得其他好处，如并行处理/多线程等。

看到其他答案没有使用这种方法，我也想把它贴在这里:

var customers = GetCustomersAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
2020-11-16 20:34:20

其他回答

我发现同步运行任务且不阻塞UI线程的最简单方法是使用runsynchronize()，如下所示:

Task t = new Task(() => 
{ 
   //.... YOUR CODE ....
});
t.RunSynchronously();

在我的示例中，我有一个事件，它在发生某些事情时触发。我不知道还会发生多少次。所以，我在我的事件中使用上面的代码，所以每当它触发时，它都会创建一个任务。任务是同步执行的，这对我来说很棒。我只是很惊讶，我花了这么长时间才发现这一点，考虑到它是多么简单。通常，推荐要复杂得多，而且容易出错。这是它的简单和干净。

2016-10-25 23:22:45

请注意，这个答案是三年前的。我主要是根据。net 4.0的使用经验编写的，很少使用4.5，尤其是async-await。 一般来说，这是一个很好的简单的解决方案，但有时它会破坏一些东西。请阅读评论中的讨论。

net 4.5

就用这个吧:

// For Task<T>: will block until the task is completed...
var result = task.Result; 

// For Task (not Task<T>): will block until the task is completed...
task2.RunSynchronously();

看到的: TaskAwaiter, 的任务。结果, 的任务。RunSynchronously

net 4.0

用这个:

var x = (IAsyncResult)task;
task.Start();

x.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne();

.．.或:

task.Start();
task.Wait();
2012-08-02 17:03:47

我在Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Core组件中找到了这段代码，它可以工作。

private static readonly TaskFactory _myTaskFactory = new 
     TaskFactory(CancellationToken.None, TaskCreationOptions.None, 
     TaskContinuationOptions.None, TaskScheduler.Default);

// Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.AsyncHelper
public static TResult RunSync<TResult>(Func<Task<TResult>> func)
{
    CultureInfo cultureUi = CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture;
    CultureInfo culture = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
    return AsyncHelper._myTaskFactory.StartNew<Task<TResult>>(delegate
    {
        Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture;
        Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = cultureUi;
        return func();
    }).Unwrap<TResult>().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
2014-12-02 02:06:48

wp8:

包装:

Task GetCustomersSynchronously()
{
    Task t = new Task(async () =>
    {
        myCustomers = await GetCustomers();
    }
    t.RunSynchronously();
}

叫它:

GetCustomersSynchronously();
2013-02-26 23:13:36

在代码中，第一个等待任务执行，但是你还没有启动它，所以它会无限期地等待。试试这个:

Task<Customer> task = GetCustomers();
task.RunSynchronously();

编辑:

你说你得到了一个异常。请发布更多细节，包括堆栈跟踪。 Mono包含以下测试用例:

[Test]
public void ExecuteSynchronouslyTest ()
{
        var val = 0;
        Task t = new Task (() => { Thread.Sleep (100); val = 1; });
        t.RunSynchronously ();

        Assert.AreEqual (1, val);
}

检查一下这对你是否有效。如果没有，尽管不太可能，你可能会有一些奇怪的Async CTP构建。如果它可以工作，您可能需要检查编译器到底生成了什么，以及Task实例化与这个示例有什么不同。

编辑# 2:

我检查了反射器，你所描述的异常发生时m_action为空。这有点奇怪，但我不是异步CTP的专家。正如我所说，你应该反编译你的代码，看看Task是如何被实例化的，不管它的m_action是如何为空的。

2011-02-23 18:23:15

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