YAML解析器可以帮助您确定字符串的数据类型。使用YAML.load（），然后可以使用type（result）测试类型：

>>> import yaml

>>> a = "545.2222"
>>> result = yaml.load(a)
>>> result
545.22220000000004
>>> type(result)
<type 'float'>

>>> b = "31"
>>> result = yaml.load(b)
>>> result
31
>>> type(result)
<type 'int'>

>>> c = "HI"
>>> result = yaml.load(c)
>>> result
'HI'
>>> type(result)
<type 'str'>

Python2方法检查字符串是否为浮点：

def is_float(value):
  if value is None:
      return False
  try:
      float(value)
      return True
  except:
      return False

有关is_float的Python3版本，请参见：检查字符串是否可以在Python中转换为float

此函数的较长且更准确的名称可以是：is_converable_to_float（value）

Python中的浮点数是什么，不是什么，可能会让您感到惊讶：

以下单元测试是使用python2完成的。检查Python3对于哪些字符串可以转换为浮点，有不同的行为。一个令人困惑的区别是，现在允许任意数量的内部下划线：（float（“1_3.4”）==float（13.4））为True

val                   is_float(val) Note
--------------------  ----------   --------------------------------
""                    False        Blank string
"127"                 True         Passed string
True                  True         Pure sweet Truth
"True"                False        Vile contemptible lie
False                 True         So false it becomes true
"123.456"             True         Decimal
"      -127    "      True         Spaces trimmed
"\t\n12\r\n"          True         whitespace ignored
"NaN"                 True         Not a number
"NaNanananaBATMAN"    False        I am Batman
"-iNF"                True         Negative infinity
"123.E4"              True         Exponential notation
".1"                  True         mantissa only
"1_2_3.4"             False        Underscores not allowed
"12 34"               False        Spaces not allowed on interior
"1,234"               False        Commas gtfo
u'\x30'               True         Unicode is fine.
"NULL"                False        Null is not special
0x3fade               True         Hexadecimal
"6e7777777777777"     True         Shrunk to infinity
"1.797693e+308"       True         This is max value
"infinity"            True         Same as inf
"infinityandBEYOND"   False        Extra characters wreck it
"12.34.56"            False        Only one dot allowed
u'四'                 False        Japanese '4' is not a float.
"#56"                 False        Pound sign
"56%"                 False        Percent of what?
"0E0"                 True         Exponential, move dot 0 places
0**0                  True         0___0  Exponentiation
"-5e-5"               True         Raise to a negative number
"+1e1"                True         Plus is OK with exponent
"+1e1^5"              False        Fancy exponent not interpreted
"+1e1.3"              False        No decimals in exponent
"-+1"                 False        Make up your mind
"(1)"                 False        Parenthesis is bad

你以为你知道什么是数字吗？你没有你想象的那么好！没什么奇怪的。

不要在生命关键型软件上使用此代码！

通过这种方式捕获广泛的异常，杀死金丝雀并吞食异常，产生一个很小的机会，即有效的float as字符串将返回false。float（…）行代码可能由于一千种与字符串内容无关的原因而失败。但如果你用Python这样的鸭子型原型语言编写生命关键型软件，那么你会遇到更大的问题。

你需要考虑四舍五入才能做到这一点。

即-int（5.1）=>5int（5.6）=>5——错误，应该是6，所以我们做int（5.6+0.5）=>6

def convert(n):
    try:
        return int(n)
    except ValueError:
        return float(n + 0.5)

处理十六进制、八进制、二进制、十进制和浮点

这个解决方案将处理数字的所有字符串约定（我所知道的）。

def to_number(n):
    ''' Convert any number representation to a number
    This covers: float, decimal, hex, and octal numbers.
    '''

    try:
        return int(str(n), 0)
    except:
        try:
            # Python 3 doesn't accept "010" as a valid octal.  You must use the
            # '0o' prefix
            return int('0o' + n, 0)
        except:
            return float(n)

这个测试用例输出说明了我所说的内容。

======================== CAPTURED OUTPUT =========================
to_number(3735928559)   = 3735928559 == 3735928559
to_number("0xFEEDFACE") = 4277009102 == 4277009102
to_number("0x0")        =          0 ==          0
to_number(100)          =        100 ==        100
to_number("42")         =         42 ==         42
to_number(8)            =          8 ==          8
to_number("0o20")       =         16 ==         16
to_number("020")        =         16 ==         16
to_number(3.14)         =       3.14 ==       3.14
to_number("2.72")       =       2.72 ==       2.72
to_number("1e3")        =     1000.0 ==       1000
to_number(0.001)        =      0.001 ==      0.001
to_number("0xA")        =         10 ==         10
to_number("012")        =         10 ==         10
to_number("0o12")       =         10 ==         10
to_number("0b01010")    =         10 ==         10
to_number("10")         =         10 ==         10
to_number("10.0")       =       10.0 ==         10
to_number("1e1")        =       10.0 ==         10

下面是测试：

class test_to_number(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_hex(self):
        # All of the following should be converted to an integer
        #
        values = [

                 #          HEX
                 # ----------------------
                 # Input     |   Expected
                 # ----------------------
                (0xDEADBEEF  , 3735928559), # Hex
                ("0xFEEDFACE", 4277009102), # Hex
                ("0x0"       ,          0), # Hex

                 #        Decimals
                 # ----------------------
                 # Input     |   Expected
                 # ----------------------
                (100         ,        100), # Decimal
                ("42"        ,         42), # Decimal
            ]



        values += [
                 #        Octals
                 # ----------------------
                 # Input     |   Expected
                 # ----------------------
                (0o10        ,          8), # Octal
                ("0o20"      ,         16), # Octal
                ("020"       ,         16), # Octal
            ]


        values += [
                 #        Floats
                 # ----------------------
                 # Input     |   Expected
                 # ----------------------
                (3.14        ,       3.14), # Float
                ("2.72"      ,       2.72), # Float
                ("1e3"       ,       1000), # Float
                (1e-3        ,      0.001), # Float
            ]

        values += [
                 #        All ints
                 # ----------------------
                 # Input     |   Expected
                 # ----------------------
                ("0xA"       ,         10),
                ("012"       ,         10),
                ("0o12"      ,         10),
                ("0b01010"   ,         10),
                ("10"        ,         10),
                ("10.0"      ,         10),
                ("1e1"       ,         10),
            ]

        for _input, expected in values:
            value = to_number(_input)

            if isinstance(_input, str):
                cmd = 'to_number("{}")'.format(_input)
            else:
                cmd = 'to_number({})'.format(_input)

            print("{:23} = {:10} == {:10}".format(cmd, value, expected))
            self.assertEqual(value, expected)

如果您不想使用第三方模块，以下可能是最可靠的解决方案：

def string_to_int_or_float(s):
    try:
        f = float(s) # replace s with str(s) if you are not sure that s is a string
    except ValueError:
        print("Provided string '" + s + "' is not interpretable as a literal number.")
        raise
    try:
        i = int(str(f).rstrip('0').rstrip('.'))
    except:
        return f
    return i

它可能不是最快的，但在许多其他解决方案失败的情况下，它可以正确处理字面数字，例如：

>>> string_to_int_or_float('789.')
789
>>> string_to_int_or_float('789.0')
789
>>> string_to_int_or_float('12.3e2')
1230
>>> string_to_int_or_float('12.3e-2')
0.123
>>> string_to_int_or_float('4560e-1')
456
>>> string_to_int_or_float('4560e-2')
45.6

Use:

def num(s):
    try:
        for each in s:
            yield int(each)
    except ValueError:
        yield float(each)
a = num(["123.55","345","44"])
print a.next()
print a.next()

这是我所能想到的最具Python风格的方式。