如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常?
我当然可以这样做:
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
boolean thrown = false;
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
thrown = true;
}
assertTrue(thrown);
}
我记得,对于这类情况,有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙,更符合JUnit的精神。
使用Java 8,您可以创建一个方法,将要检查的代码和预期异常作为参数:
private void expectException(Runnable r, Class<?> clazz) {
try {
r.run();
fail("Expected: " + clazz.getSimpleName() + " but not thrown");
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!clazz.isInstance(e)) fail("Expected: " + clazz.getSimpleName() + " but " + e.getClass().getSimpleName() + " found", e);
}
}
然后在测试中:
expectException(() -> list.sublist(0, 2).get(2), IndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
优点:
不依赖任何库本地化检查-更精确,如果需要,允许在一个测试中有多个这样的断言易于使用
使用可以与JUnit一起使用的AssertJ断言:
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
Foo foo = new Foo();
assertThatThrownBy(() -> foo.doStuff())
.isInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
}
它比@Test(expected=IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)更好,因为它保证了测试中的预期行抛出了异常,并允许您更容易地检查有关异常的详细信息,例如消息:
assertThatThrownBy(() ->
{
throw new Exception("boom!");
})
.isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
.hasMessageContaining("boom");
Maven/Gradle说明。
例如,您想为下面提到的代码片段编写Junit
public int divideByZeroDemo(int a,int b){
return a/b;
}
public void exceptionWithMessage(String [] arr){
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Array is out of bound");
}
上面的代码用于测试可能发生的某些未知异常,下面的代码用于使用自定义消息断言某些异常。
@Rule
public ExpectedException exception=ExpectedException.none();
private Demo demo;
@Before
public void setup(){
demo=new Demo();
}
@Test(expected=ArithmeticException.class)
public void testIfItThrowsAnyException() {
demo.divideByZeroDemo(5, 0);
}
@Test
public void testExceptionWithMessage(){
exception.expectMessage("Array is out of bound");
exception.expect(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
demo.exceptionWithMessage(new String[]{"This","is","a","demo"});
}
只需制作一个可以关闭和打开的Matcher,如下所示:
public class ExceptionMatcher extends BaseMatcher<Throwable> {
private boolean active = true;
private Class<? extends Throwable> throwable;
public ExceptionMatcher(Class<? extends Throwable> throwable) {
this.throwable = throwable;
}
public void on() {
this.active = true;
}
public void off() {
this.active = false;
}
@Override
public boolean matches(Object object) {
return active && throwable.isAssignableFrom(object.getClass());
}
@Override
public void describeTo(Description description) {
description.appendText("not the covered exception type");
}
}
要使用它:
add public ExpectedException exception=ExpectedException.none();,那么:
ExceptionMatcher exMatch = new ExceptionMatcher(MyException.class);
exception.expect(exMatch);
someObject.somethingThatThrowsMyException();
exMatch.off();