如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常?

我当然可以这样做:

@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
  boolean thrown = false;

  try {
    foo.doStuff();
  } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
    thrown = true;
  }

  assertTrue(thrown);
}

我记得,对于这类情况,有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙,更符合JUnit的精神。


当前回答

JUnit 5解决方案

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

@Test
void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {    
  IndexOutOfBoundsException exception = expectThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, foo::doStuff);
     
  assertEquals("some message", exception.getMessage());
}

关于JUnit 5的更多信息http://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/#writing-测试断言

其他回答

只需制作一个可以关闭和打开的Matcher,如下所示:

public class ExceptionMatcher extends BaseMatcher<Throwable> {
    private boolean active = true;
    private Class<? extends Throwable> throwable;

    public ExceptionMatcher(Class<? extends Throwable> throwable) {
        this.throwable = throwable;
    }

    public void on() {
        this.active = true;
    }

    public void off() {
        this.active = false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean matches(Object object) {
        return active && throwable.isAssignableFrom(object.getClass());
    }

    @Override
    public void describeTo(Description description) {
        description.appendText("not the covered exception type");
    }
}

要使用它:

add public ExpectedException exception=ExpectedException.none();,那么:

ExceptionMatcher exMatch = new ExceptionMatcher(MyException.class);
exception.expect(exMatch);
someObject.somethingThatThrowsMyException();
exMatch.off();

我建议库assertj核心处理junit测试中的异常

在java 8中,如下所示:

//given

//when
Throwable throwable = catchThrowable(() -> anyService.anyMethod(object));

//then
AnyException anyException = (AnyException) throwable;
assertThat(anyException.getMessage()).isEqualTo("........");
assertThat(exception.getCode()).isEqualTo(".......);

小心使用预期的异常,因为它只断言方法抛出了该异常,而不是测试中的特定代码行。

我倾向于将其用于测试参数验证,因为这样的方法通常非常简单,但更复杂的测试可能更好:

try {
    methodThatShouldThrow();
    fail( "My method didn't throw when I expected it to" );
} catch (MyException expectedException) {
}

应用判断。

例如,您想为下面提到的代码片段编写Junit

public int divideByZeroDemo(int a,int b){

    return a/b;
}

public void exceptionWithMessage(String [] arr){

    throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Array is out of bound");
}

上面的代码用于测试可能发生的某些未知异常,下面的代码用于使用自定义消息断言某些异常。

 @Rule
public ExpectedException exception=ExpectedException.none();

private Demo demo;
@Before
public void setup(){

    demo=new Demo();
}
@Test(expected=ArithmeticException.class)
public void testIfItThrowsAnyException() {

    demo.divideByZeroDemo(5, 0);

}

@Test
public void testExceptionWithMessage(){


    exception.expectMessage("Array is out of bound");
    exception.expect(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
    demo.exceptionWithMessage(new String[]{"This","is","a","demo"});
}

这取决于JUnit版本和使用的断言库。

JUnit5和4.13见答案如果您使用AssertJ或google truth,请参阅答案

JUnit<=4.12的原始答案是:

    @Test(expected = IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
    public void testIndexOutOfBoundsException() {

        ArrayList emptyList = new ArrayList();
        Object o = emptyList.get(0);

    }

尽管答案对于JUnit<=4.12有更多选项。

参考:

JUnit测试常见问题解答