例如，您想为下面提到的代码片段编写Junit

public int divideByZeroDemo(int a,int b){

    return a/b;
}

public void exceptionWithMessage(String [] arr){

    throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Array is out of bound");
}

上面的代码用于测试可能发生的某些未知异常，下面的代码用于使用自定义消息断言某些异常。

 @Rule
public ExpectedException exception=ExpectedException.none();

private Demo demo;
@Before
public void setup(){

    demo=new Demo();
}
@Test(expected=ArithmeticException.class)
public void testIfItThrowsAnyException() {

    demo.divideByZeroDemo(5, 0);

}

@Test
public void testExceptionWithMessage(){


    exception.expectMessage("Array is out of bound");
    exception.expect(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
    demo.exceptionWithMessage(new String[]{"This","is","a","demo"});
}

JUnit内置了对此的支持，并带有“expected”属性。

这样如何：捕获一个非常普通的异常，确保它从catch块中取出，然后断言该异常的类是您期望的。如果a）异常类型错误（例如，如果您使用了空指针），并且b）该异常从未被抛出，则该断言将失败。

public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
  Throwable e = null;

  try {
    foo.doStuff();
  } catch (Throwable ex) {
    e = ex;
  }

  assertTrue(e instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException);
}

我想评论一下这个问题的解决方案，它避免了任何与异常相关的JUnit代码。

我使用assertTrue（布尔值）和try/catch组合来查找要抛出的预期异常。下面是一个示例：

public void testConstructor() {
    boolean expectedExceptionThrown;
    try {
        // Call constructor with bad arguments
        double a = 1;
        double b = 2;
        double c = a + b; // In my example, this is an invalid option for c
        new Triangle(a, b, c);
        expectedExceptionThrown = false; // because it successfully constructed the object
    }
    catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
        expectedExceptionThrown = true; // because I'm in this catch block
    }
    catch(Exception e) {
        expectedExceptionThrown = false; // because it threw an exception but not the one expected
    }
    assertTrue(expectedExceptionThrown);
}

在我的例子中，我总是从数据库中得到RuntimeException，但消息不同。需要分别处理异常。以下是我测试它的方法：

@Test
public void testThrowsExceptionWhenWrongSku() {

    // Given
    String articleSimpleSku = "999-999";
    int amountOfTransactions = 1;
    Exception exception = null;

    // When
    try {
        createNInboundTransactionsForSku(amountOfTransactions, articleSimpleSku);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
        exception = e;
    }

    // Then
    shouldValidateThrowsExceptionWithMessage(exception, MESSAGE_NON_EXISTENT_SKU);
}

private void shouldValidateThrowsExceptionWithMessage(final Exception e, final String message) {
    assertNotNull(e);
    assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains(message));
}

我们可以在必须返回异常的方法之后使用断言失败：

try{
   methodThatThrowMyException();
   Assert.fail("MyException is not thrown !");
} catch (final Exception exception) {
   // Verify if the thrown exception is instance of MyException, otherwise throws an assert failure
   assertTrue(exception instanceof MyException, "An exception other than MyException is thrown !");
   // In case of verifying the error message
   MyException myException = (MyException) exception;
   assertEquals("EXPECTED ERROR MESSAGE", myException.getMessage());
}