如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常？
我当然可以这样做：
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
boolean thrown = false;
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
thrown = true;
}
assertTrue(thrown);
}
我记得，对于这类情况，有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙，更符合JUnit的精神。
当前回答
在我的例子中，我总是从数据库中得到RuntimeException，但消息不同。需要分别处理异常。以下是我测试它的方法：
@Test
public void testThrowsExceptionWhenWrongSku() {
// Given
String articleSimpleSku = "999-999";
int amountOfTransactions = 1;
Exception exception = null;
// When
try {
createNInboundTransactionsForSku(amountOfTransactions, articleSimpleSku);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
exception = e;
}
// Then
shouldValidateThrowsExceptionWithMessage(exception, MESSAGE_NON_EXISTENT_SKU);
}
private void shouldValidateThrowsExceptionWithMessage(final Exception e, final String message) {
assertNotNull(e);
assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains(message));
}
其他回答
在我的例子中，我总是从数据库中得到RuntimeException，但消息不同。需要分别处理异常。以下是我测试它的方法：
@Test
public void testThrowsExceptionWhenWrongSku() {
// Given
String articleSimpleSku = "999-999";
int amountOfTransactions = 1;
Exception exception = null;
// When
try {
createNInboundTransactionsForSku(amountOfTransactions, articleSimpleSku);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
exception = e;
}
// Then
shouldValidateThrowsExceptionWithMessage(exception, MESSAGE_NON_EXISTENT_SKU);
}
private void shouldValidateThrowsExceptionWithMessage(final Exception e, final String message) {
assertNotNull(e);
assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains(message));
}
我们可以在必须返回异常的方法之后使用断言失败：
try{
methodThatThrowMyException();
Assert.fail("MyException is not thrown !");
} catch (final Exception exception) {
// Verify if the thrown exception is instance of MyException, otherwise throws an assert failure
assertTrue(exception instanceof MyException, "An exception other than MyException is thrown !");
// In case of verifying the error message
MyException myException = (MyException) exception;
assertEquals("EXPECTED ERROR MESSAGE", myException.getMessage());
}
在JUnit 4或更高版本中，您可以如下测试异常
@Rule
public ExpectedException exceptions = ExpectedException.none();
这提供了许多可以用来改进JUnit测试的特性。如果您看到下面的示例，我将测试异常的3个方面。
引发的异常类型异常消息异常的原因
public class MyTest {
@Rule
public ExpectedException exceptions = ExpectedException.none();
ClassUnderTest classUnderTest;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
classUnderTest = new ClassUnderTest();
}
@Test
public void testAppleisSweetAndRed() throws Exception {
exceptions.expect(Exception.class);
exceptions.expectMessage("this is the exception message");
exceptions.expectCause(Matchers.<Throwable>equalTo(exceptionCause));
classUnderTest.methodUnderTest("param1", "param2");
}
}
我在Mkyong博客中找到了Junit 4最灵活、最优雅的答案。它具有使用@Rule注释的try/catch的灵活性。我喜欢这种方法，因为您可以读取自定义异常的特定属性。
package com.mkyong;
import com.mkyong.examples.CustomerService;
import com.mkyong.examples.exception.NameNotFoundException;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasProperty;
public class Exception3Test {
@Rule
public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void testNameNotFoundException() throws NameNotFoundException {
//test specific type of exception
thrown.expect(NameNotFoundException.class);
//test message
thrown.expectMessage(is("Name is empty!"));
//test detail
thrown.expect(hasProperty("errCode")); //make sure getters n setters are defined.
thrown.expect(hasProperty("errCode", is(666)));
CustomerService cust = new CustomerService();
cust.findByName("");
}
}
JUnit 5解决方案
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
@Test
void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
IndexOutOfBoundsException exception = expectThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, foo::doStuff);
assertEquals("some message", exception.getMessage());
}
关于JUnit 5的更多信息http://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/#writing-测试断言
