如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常?

我当然可以这样做:

@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
  boolean thrown = false;

  try {
    foo.doStuff();
  } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
    thrown = true;
  }

  assertTrue(thrown);
}

我记得,对于这类情况,有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙,更符合JUnit的精神。


当前回答

Junit4与Java8的解决方案是使用此功能:

public Throwable assertThrows(Class<? extends Throwable> expectedException, java.util.concurrent.Callable<?> funky) {
    try {
        funky.call();
    } catch (Throwable e) {
        if (expectedException.isInstance(e)) {
            return e;
        }
        throw new AssertionError(
                String.format("Expected [%s] to be thrown, but was [%s]", expectedException, e));
    }
    throw new AssertionError(
            String.format("Expected [%s] to be thrown, but nothing was thrown.", expectedException));
}

用法如下:

    assertThrows(ValidationException.class,
            () -> finalObject.checkSomething(null));

注意,唯一的限制是在lambda表达式中使用最终对象引用。此解决方案允许使用@test(expected=IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)解决方案继续测试断言,而不是期望在方法级别可以执行。

其他回答

使用可以与JUnit一起使用的AssertJ断言:

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
  Foo foo = new Foo();

  assertThatThrownBy(() -> foo.doStuff())
        .isInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class);
}

它比@Test(expected=IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)更好,因为它保证了测试中的预期行抛出了异常,并允许您更容易地检查有关异常的详细信息,例如消息:

assertThatThrownBy(() ->
       {
         throw new Exception("boom!");
       })
    .isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
    .hasMessageContaining("boom");

Maven/Gradle说明。

您也可以这样做:

@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
    try {
        foo.doStuff();
        assert false;
    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
        assert true;
    }
}
try {
    my method();
    fail( "This method must thrwo" );
} catch (Exception ex) {
    assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqual(myErrormsg);
}

BDD风格解决方案:JUnit 4+Catch异常+AssertJ

import static com.googlecode.catchexception.apis.BDDCatchException.*;

@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {

    when(() -> foo.doStuff());

    then(caughtException()).isInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class);

}

依赖关系

eu.codearte.catch-exception:catch-exception:2.0

在我的例子中,我总是从数据库中得到RuntimeException,但消息不同。需要分别处理异常。以下是我测试它的方法:

@Test
public void testThrowsExceptionWhenWrongSku() {

    // Given
    String articleSimpleSku = "999-999";
    int amountOfTransactions = 1;
    Exception exception = null;

    // When
    try {
        createNInboundTransactionsForSku(amountOfTransactions, articleSimpleSku);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
        exception = e;
    }

    // Then
    shouldValidateThrowsExceptionWithMessage(exception, MESSAGE_NON_EXISTENT_SKU);
}

private void shouldValidateThrowsExceptionWithMessage(final Exception e, final String message) {
    assertNotNull(e);
    assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains(message));
}