如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常？
我当然可以这样做：
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
boolean thrown = false;
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
thrown = true;
}
assertTrue(thrown);
}
我记得，对于这类情况，有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙，更符合JUnit的精神。
当前回答
我在Mkyong博客中找到了Junit 4最灵活、最优雅的答案。它具有使用@Rule注释的try/catch的灵活性。我喜欢这种方法，因为您可以读取自定义异常的特定属性。
package com.mkyong;
import com.mkyong.examples.CustomerService;
import com.mkyong.examples.exception.NameNotFoundException;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasProperty;
public class Exception3Test {
@Rule
public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void testNameNotFoundException() throws NameNotFoundException {
//test specific type of exception
thrown.expect(NameNotFoundException.class);
//test message
thrown.expectMessage(is("Name is empty!"));
//test detail
thrown.expect(hasProperty("errCode")); //make sure getters n setters are defined.
thrown.expect(hasProperty("errCode", is(666)));
CustomerService cust = new CustomerService();
cust.findByName("");
}
}
其他回答
小心使用预期的异常，因为它只断言方法抛出了该异常，而不是测试中的特定代码行。
我倾向于将其用于测试参数验证，因为这样的方法通常非常简单，但更复杂的测试可能更好：
try {
methodThatShouldThrow();
fail( "My method didn't throw when I expected it to" );
} catch (MyException expectedException) {
}
应用判断。
try {
my method();
fail( "This method must thrwo" );
} catch (Exception ex) {
assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqual(myErrormsg);
}
我想评论一下这个问题的解决方案，它避免了任何与异常相关的JUnit代码。
我使用assertTrue（布尔值）和try/catch组合来查找要抛出的预期异常。下面是一个示例：
public void testConstructor() {
boolean expectedExceptionThrown;
try {
// Call constructor with bad arguments
double a = 1;
double b = 2;
double c = a + b; // In my example, this is an invalid option for c
new Triangle(a, b, c);
expectedExceptionThrown = false; // because it successfully constructed the object
}
catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
expectedExceptionThrown = true; // because I'm in this catch block
}
catch(Exception e) {
expectedExceptionThrown = false; // because it threw an exception but not the one expected
}
assertTrue(expectedExceptionThrown);
}
JUnit内置了对此的支持，并带有“expected”属性。
JUnit 5解决方案
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
@Test
void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
IndexOutOfBoundsException exception = expectThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, foo::doStuff);
assertEquals("some message", exception.getMessage());
}
关于JUnit 5的更多信息http://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/#writing-测试断言
