下面是基于@nawfal给出的方法将@DoctorJ的代码扩展到无界整数。它可以编码和解码。它适用于普通数组和numpy数组。

#!/usr/bin/env python
from numbers import Integral    

def tuple_to_int(tup):
    """:Return: the unique non-negative integer encoding of a tuple of non-negative integers."""
    if len(tup) == 0:  # normally do if not tup, but doesn't work with np
        raise ValueError('Cannot encode empty tuple')
    if len(tup) == 1:
        x = tup[0]
        if not isinstance(x, Integral):
            raise ValueError('Can only encode integers')
        return x
    elif len(tup) == 2:
        # print("len=2")
        x, y = tuple_to_int(tup[0:1]), tuple_to_int(tup[1:2])  # Just to validate x and y

        X = 2 * x if x >= 0 else -2 * x - 1  # map x to positive integers
        Y = 2 * y if y >= 0 else -2 * y - 1  # map y to positive integers
        Z = (X * X + X + Y) if X >= Y else (X + Y * Y)  # encode

        # Map evens onto positives
        if (x >= 0 and y >= 0):
            return Z // 2
        elif (x < 0 and y >= 0 and X >= Y):
            return Z // 2
        elif (x < 0 and y < 0 and X < Y):
            return Z // 2
        # Map odds onto negative
        else:
            return (-Z - 1) // 2
    else:
        return tuple_to_int((tuple_to_int(tup[:2]),) + tuple(tup[2:]))  # ***speed up tuple(tup[2:])?***


def int_to_tuple(num, size=2):
    """:Return: the unique tuple of length `size` that encodes to `num`."""
    if not isinstance(num, Integral):
        raise ValueError('Can only encode integers (got {})'.format(num))
    if not isinstance(size, Integral) or size < 1:
        raise ValueError('Tuple is the wrong size ({})'.format(size))
    if size == 1:
        return (num,)
    elif size == 2:

        # Mapping onto positive integers
        Z = -2 * num - 1 if num < 0 else 2 * num

        # Reversing Pairing
        s = isqrt(Z)
        if Z - s * s < s:
            X, Y = Z - s * s, s
        else:
            X, Y = s, Z - s * s - s

        # Undoing mappint to positive integers
        x = (X + 1) // -2 if X % 2 else X // 2  # True if X not divisible by 2
        y = (Y + 1) // -2 if Y % 2 else Y // 2  # True if Y not divisible by 2

        return x, y

    else:
        x, y = int_to_tuple(num, 2)
        return int_to_tuple(x, size - 1) + (y,)


def isqrt(n):
    """":Return: the largest integer x for which x * x does not exceed n."""
    # Newton's method, via http://stackoverflow.com/a/15391420
    x = n
    y = (x + 1) // 2
    while y < x:
        x = y
        y = (x + n // x) // 2
    return x

我们可以在O(1)空间和O(N)时间内将两个数字编码为1。 假设您希望将0-9范围内的数字编码为1，例如。5和6。怎么做呢?简单,

  5*10 + 6 = 56. 
   
    5 can be obtained by doing 56/10 
    6 can be obtained by doing 56%10.

即使是两位数的整数，比如56和45,56*100 + 45 = 5645。我们同样可以通过执行5645/100和5645%100来获得单个数字

但对于一个大小为n的数组，例如。A ={4,0,2,1,3}，假设我们想对3和4进行编码，那么:

 3 * 5 + 4 = 19               OR         3 + 5 * 4 = 23
 3 :- 19 / 5 = 3                         3 :- 23 % 5 = 3
 4 :- 19 % 5 = 4                         4 :- 23 / 5 = 4

通过推广，我们得到

    x * n + y     OR       x + n * y

但我们还需要注意改变的值;所以结果是

    (x%n)*n + y  OR x + n*(y%n)

你可以通过除法和对结果取余来得到每个数字。

你正在寻找一个双射NxN - >n映射。这些是用于例如燕尾。请看这个PDF文件，它介绍了所谓的配对函数。维基百科介绍了一个特定的配对函数，即康托配对函数:

备注:三个

As others have made clear, if you plan to implement a pairing function, you may soon find you need arbitrarily large integers (bignums). If you don't want to make a distinction between the pairs (a, b) and (b, a), then sort a and b before applying the pairing function. Actually I lied. You are looking for a bijective ZxZ -> N mapping. Cantor's function only works on non-negative numbers. This is not a problem however, because it's easy to define a bijection f : Z -> N, like so: f(n) = n * 2 if n >= 0 f(n) = -n * 2 - 1 if n < 0

给定正整数A和B，设D = A的位数，E= B的位数 结果可以是D, 0, E, 0, a和B的串联。

示例:A = 300, B = 12。D = 3, E=2 result = 302030012。 这利用了一个事实，即唯一以0开头的数字是0，

优点:易于编码，易于解码，人类可读，有效数字可以先比较，潜在的比较无需计算，简单的错误检查。

缺点:结果的大小是个问题。不过没关系，我们为什么要在电脑里存储无界整数呢。

下面是基于@nawfal给出的方法将@DoctorJ的代码扩展到无界整数。它可以编码和解码。它适用于普通数组和numpy数组。

#!/usr/bin/env python
from numbers import Integral    

def tuple_to_int(tup):
    """:Return: the unique non-negative integer encoding of a tuple of non-negative integers."""
    if len(tup) == 0:  # normally do if not tup, but doesn't work with np
        raise ValueError('Cannot encode empty tuple')
    if len(tup) == 1:
        x = tup[0]
        if not isinstance(x, Integral):
            raise ValueError('Can only encode integers')
        return x
    elif len(tup) == 2:
        # print("len=2")
        x, y = tuple_to_int(tup[0:1]), tuple_to_int(tup[1:2])  # Just to validate x and y

        X = 2 * x if x >= 0 else -2 * x - 1  # map x to positive integers
        Y = 2 * y if y >= 0 else -2 * y - 1  # map y to positive integers
        Z = (X * X + X + Y) if X >= Y else (X + Y * Y)  # encode

        # Map evens onto positives
        if (x >= 0 and y >= 0):
            return Z // 2
        elif (x < 0 and y >= 0 and X >= Y):
            return Z // 2
        elif (x < 0 and y < 0 and X < Y):
            return Z // 2
        # Map odds onto negative
        else:
            return (-Z - 1) // 2
    else:
        return tuple_to_int((tuple_to_int(tup[:2]),) + tuple(tup[2:]))  # ***speed up tuple(tup[2:])?***


def int_to_tuple(num, size=2):
    """:Return: the unique tuple of length `size` that encodes to `num`."""
    if not isinstance(num, Integral):
        raise ValueError('Can only encode integers (got {})'.format(num))
    if not isinstance(size, Integral) or size < 1:
        raise ValueError('Tuple is the wrong size ({})'.format(size))
    if size == 1:
        return (num,)
    elif size == 2:

        # Mapping onto positive integers
        Z = -2 * num - 1 if num < 0 else 2 * num

        # Reversing Pairing
        s = isqrt(Z)
        if Z - s * s < s:
            X, Y = Z - s * s, s
        else:
            X, Y = s, Z - s * s - s

        # Undoing mappint to positive integers
        x = (X + 1) // -2 if X % 2 else X // 2  # True if X not divisible by 2
        y = (Y + 1) // -2 if Y % 2 else Y // 2  # True if Y not divisible by 2

        return x, y

    else:
        x, y = int_to_tuple(num, 2)
        return int_to_tuple(x, size - 1) + (y,)


def isqrt(n):
    """":Return: the largest integer x for which x * x does not exceed n."""
    # Newton's method, via http://stackoverflow.com/a/15391420
    x = n
    y = (x + 1) // 2
    while y < x:
        x = y
        y = (x + n // x) // 2
    return x

正整数的标准数学方法是利用质因数分解的唯一性。

f( x, y ) -> 2^x * 3^y

缺点是，图像往往跨越相当大的整数范围，因此当涉及到在计算机算法中表示映射时，您可能会在为结果选择适当的类型时遇到问题。

你可以修改它来处理负x和负y，通过编码一个5和7次幂项的标志。

e.g.

f( x, y ) -> 2^|x| * 3^|y| * 5^(x<0) * 7^(y<0)