模式并不是在所有情况下都有用。所以函数应该处理这种情况。试试下面的函数。

Mode <- function(v) {
  # checking unique numbers in the input
  uniqv <- unique(v)
  # frquency of most occured value in the input data
  m1 <- max(tabulate(match(v, uniqv)))
  n <- length(tabulate(match(v, uniqv)))
  # if all elements are same
  same_val_check <- all(diff(v) == 0)
  if(same_val_check == F){
    # frquency of second most occured value in the input data
    m2 <- sort(tabulate(match(v, uniqv)),partial=n-1)[n-1]
    if (m1 != m2) {
      # Returning the most repeated value
      mode <- uniqv[which.max(tabulate(match(v, uniqv)))]
    } else{
      mode <- "Two or more values have same frequency. So mode can't be calculated."
    }
  } else {
    # if all elements are same
    mode <- unique(v)
  }
  return(mode)
}

输出,

x1 <- c(1,2,3,3,3,4,5)
Mode(x1)
# [1] 3

x2 <- c(1,2,3,4,5)
Mode(x2)
# [1] "Two or more varibles have same frequency. So mode can't be calculated."

x3 <- c(1,1,2,3,3,4,5)
Mode(x3)
# [1] "Two or more values have same frequency. So mode can't be calculated."

下面的函数有三种形式:

method = "mode"[默认值]:计算单模态向量的模式，否则返回NA Method = "nmodes":计算vector中模式的个数 Method = "modes":列出单模态或多模态向量的所有模态

modeav <- function (x, method = "mode", na.rm = FALSE)
{
  x <- unlist(x)
  if (na.rm)
    x <- x[!is.na(x)]
  u <- unique(x)
  n <- length(u)
  #get frequencies of each of the unique values in the vector
  frequencies <- rep(0, n)
  for (i in seq_len(n)) {
    if (is.na(u[i])) {
      frequencies[i] <- sum(is.na(x))
    }
    else {
      frequencies[i] <- sum(x == u[i], na.rm = TRUE)
    }
  }
  #mode if a unimodal vector, else NA
  if (method == "mode" | is.na(method) | method == "")
  {return(ifelse(length(frequencies[frequencies==max(frequencies)])>1,NA,u[which.max(frequencies)]))}
  #number of modes
  if(method == "nmode" | method == "nmodes")
  {return(length(frequencies[frequencies==max(frequencies)]))}
  #list of all modes
  if (method == "modes" | method == "modevalues")
  {return(u[which(frequencies==max(frequencies), arr.ind = FALSE, useNames = FALSE)])}  
  #error trap the method
  warning("Warning: method not recognised.  Valid methods are 'mode' [default], 'nmodes' and 'modes'")
  return()
}

假设你的观测值是来自实数的类，当你的观测值是2,2,3,3时，你期望模态为2.5，然后你可以用mode = l1 + I * (f1-f0) / (2f1 -f0 - f2)来估计模态，其中l1..最频繁类的下限，f1..最频繁类的频率，f0..在最频繁类之前的类的频率，f2..在最频繁类之后的类的频率，i..分类间隔，如在1,2,3中给出:

#Small Example
x <- c(2,2,3,3) #Observations
i <- 1          #Class interval

z <- hist(x, breaks = seq(min(x)-1.5*i, max(x)+1.5*i, i), plot=F) #Calculate frequency of classes
mf <- which.max(z$counts)   #index of most frequent class
zc <- z$counts
z$breaks[mf] + i * (zc[mf] - zc[mf-1]) / (2*zc[mf] - zc[mf-1] - zc[mf+1])  #gives you the mode of 2.5


#Larger Example
set.seed(0)
i <- 5          #Class interval
x <- round(rnorm(100,mean=100,sd=10)/i)*i #Observations

z <- hist(x, breaks = seq(min(x)-1.5*i, max(x)+1.5*i, i), plot=F)
mf <- which.max(z$counts)
zc <- z$counts
z$breaks[mf] + i * (zc[mf] - zc[mf-1]) / (2*zc[mf] - zc[mf-1] - zc[mf+1])  #gives you the mode of 99.5

如果你想要最频繁的级别，并且你有多个最频繁的级别，你可以得到所有的级别，例如:

x <- c(2,2,3,5,5)
names(which(max(table(x))==table(x)))
#"2" "5"

计算模式大多是在有因素变量的情况下才可以使用

labels(table(HouseVotes84$V1)[as.numeric(labels(max(table(HouseVotes84$V1))))])

HouseVotes84是在“mlbench”包中可用的数据集。

它会给出最大标签值。它更容易由内置函数本身使用，而无需编写函数。

模式并不是在所有情况下都有用。所以函数应该处理这种情况。试试下面的函数。

Mode <- function(v) {
  # checking unique numbers in the input
  uniqv <- unique(v)
  # frquency of most occured value in the input data
  m1 <- max(tabulate(match(v, uniqv)))
  n <- length(tabulate(match(v, uniqv)))
  # if all elements are same
  same_val_check <- all(diff(v) == 0)
  if(same_val_check == F){
    # frquency of second most occured value in the input data
    m2 <- sort(tabulate(match(v, uniqv)),partial=n-1)[n-1]
    if (m1 != m2) {
      # Returning the most repeated value
      mode <- uniqv[which.max(tabulate(match(v, uniqv)))]
    } else{
      mode <- "Two or more values have same frequency. So mode can't be calculated."
    }
  } else {
    # if all elements are same
    mode <- unique(v)
  }
  return(mode)
}

输出,

x1 <- c(1,2,3,3,3,4,5)
Mode(x1)
# [1] 3

x2 <- c(1,2,3,4,5)
Mode(x2)
# [1] "Two or more varibles have same frequency. So mode can't be calculated."

x3 <- c(1,1,2,3,3,4,5)
Mode(x3)
# [1] "Two or more values have same frequency. So mode can't be calculated."

CRAN上现在可用的折叠包中的通用函数fmode实现了基于索引哈希的基于c++的模式。它比上述任何一种方法都要快得多。它提供了向量、矩阵、data.frames和dplyr分组tibbles的方法。语法:

libary(collapse)
fmode(x, g = NULL, w = NULL, ...)

其中x可以是上述对象之一，g提供一个可选的分组向量或分组向量列表(用于分组模式计算，也在c++中执行)，w(可选)提供一个数值权重向量。在分组tibble方法中，没有g参数，您可以执行data %>% group_by(idvar) %>% fmode。