谷歌c++风格指南说:

Preincrement and Predecrement Use prefix form (++i) of the increment and decrement operators with iterators and other template objects. Definition: When a variable is incremented (++i or i++) or decremented (--i or i--) and the value of the expression is not used, one must decide whether to preincrement (decrement) or postincrement (decrement). Pros: When the return value is ignored, the "pre" form (++i) is never less efficient than the "post" form (i++), and is often more efficient. This is because post-increment (or decrement) requires a copy of i to be made, which is the value of the expression. If i is an iterator or other non-scalar type, copying i could be expensive. Since the two types of increment behave the same when the value is ignored, why not just always pre-increment? Cons: The tradition developed, in C, of using post-increment when the expression value is not used, especially in for loops. Some find post-increment easier to read, since the "subject" (i) precedes the "verb" (++), just like in English. Decision: For simple scalar (non-object) values there is no reason to prefer one form and we allow either. For iterators and other template types, use pre-increment.

两者都一样快;) 如果你想在处理器上进行相同的计算，只是计算的顺序不同。

例如，以下代码:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int a = 0;
    a++;
    int b = 0;
    ++b;
    return 0;
}

生产以下组件:

0x0000000100000f24 <main+0>: push %rbp 0x0000000100000f25 <main+1>: mov %rsp，%rbp 0x0000000100000f28 <main+4>: movl $0x0，-0x4(%rbp) 0x0000000100000f2f <main+11>: incl -0x4(%rbp) 0x0000000100000f32 <main+14>: movl $0x0，-0x8(%rbp) 0x0000000100000f39 <main+21>: incl -0x8(%rbp) 0x0000000100000f3c <main+24>: mov $0x0，%eax 0x0000000100000f41 <main+29>: leaveq .日志含义 0x0000000100000f42 <main+30>: retq

你可以看到，对于a++和b++，它是一个包含助记符，所以它是相同的操作;)

下面是自增操作符位于不同转换单元时的基准测试。g++ 4.5编译器。

现在先忽略样式问题

// a.cc
#include <ctime>
#include <array>
class Something {
public:
    Something& operator++();
    Something operator++(int);
private:
    std::array<int,PACKET_SIZE> data;
};

int main () {
    Something s;

    for (int i=0; i<1024*1024*30; ++i) ++s; // warm up
    std::clock_t a = clock();
    for (int i=0; i<1024*1024*30; ++i) ++s;
    a = clock() - a;

    for (int i=0; i<1024*1024*30; ++i) s++; // warm up
    std::clock_t b = clock();
    for (int i=0; i<1024*1024*30; ++i) s++;
    b = clock() - b;

    std::cout << "a=" << (a/double(CLOCKS_PER_SEC))
              << ", b=" << (b/double(CLOCKS_PER_SEC)) << '\n';
    return 0;
}

O (n)增加

Test

// b.cc
#include <array>
class Something {
public:
    Something& operator++();
    Something operator++(int);
private:
    std::array<int,PACKET_SIZE> data;
};


Something& Something::operator++()
{
    for (auto it=data.begin(), end=data.end(); it!=end; ++it)
        ++*it;
    return *this;
}

Something Something::operator++(int)
{
    Something ret = *this;
    ++*this;
    return ret;
}

结果

在虚拟机上使用g++ 4.5的结果(计时以秒为单位):

Flags (--std=c++0x)       ++i   i++
-DPACKET_SIZE=50 -O1      1.70  2.39
-DPACKET_SIZE=50 -O3      0.59  1.00
-DPACKET_SIZE=500 -O1    10.51 13.28
-DPACKET_SIZE=500 -O3     4.28  6.82

O(1)增加

Test

现在让我们看看下面的文件:

// c.cc
#include <array>
class Something {
public:
    Something& operator++();
    Something operator++(int);
private:
    std::array<int,PACKET_SIZE> data;
};


Something& Something::operator++()
{
    return *this;
}

Something Something::operator++(int)
{
    Something ret = *this;
    ++*this;
    return ret;
}

它对增量没有任何影响。这模拟了增量具有恒定复杂度的情况。

结果

结果现在变化很大:

Flags (--std=c++0x)       ++i   i++
-DPACKET_SIZE=50 -O1      0.05   0.74
-DPACKET_SIZE=50 -O3      0.08   0.97
-DPACKET_SIZE=500 -O1     0.05   2.79
-DPACKET_SIZE=500 -O3     0.08   2.18
-DPACKET_SIZE=5000 -O3    0.07  21.90

结论

属性

如果不需要前一个值，请养成使用预递增的习惯。即使与内置类型保持一致，您也会习惯它，如果您用自定义类型替换内置类型，也不会有遭受不必要性能损失的风险。

Semantic-wise

i++表示递增i，但我对之前的值感兴趣。 ++i表示自增i，我对当前值感兴趣或者自增i，对之前的值不感兴趣。再说一次，你会习惯的，即使你现在还不习惯。

Knuth。

过早的优化是万恶之源。过早的悲观也是如此。

++i比i++快，因为它不返回值的旧副本。

它也更直观:

x = i++;  // x contains the old value of i
y = ++i;  // y contains the new value of i 

这个C语言的例子输出的是“02”而不是你所期望的“12”:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){
    int a = 0;
    printf("%d", a++);
    printf("%d", ++a);
    return 0;
}

c++也是一样:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int a = 0;
    cout << a++;
    cout << ++a;
    return 0;
}

既然你也要求c++，下面是java的基准测试(用jmh制作):

private static final int LIMIT = 100000;

@Benchmark
public void postIncrement() {
    long a = 0;
    long b = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < LIMIT; i++) {
        b = 3;
        a += i * (b++);
    }
    doNothing(a, b);
}

@Benchmark
public void preIncrement() {
    long a = 0;
    long b = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < LIMIT; i++) {
        b = 3;
        a += i * (++b);
    }
    doNothing(a, b);
}  

结果表明，即使在某些计算中实际使用了增量变量(b)的值，迫使需要存储额外的值以防止后增量，每个操作的时间也完全相同:

Benchmark                         Mode  Cnt  Score   Error  Units
IncrementBenchmark.postIncrement  avgt   10  0,039   0,001  ms/op
IncrementBenchmark.preIncrement   avgt   10  0,039   0,001  ms/op

@wilhelmtell

编译器可以省略临时对象。从另一个线程逐字逐句:

c++编译器允许消除基于堆栈的临时对象，即使这样做会改变程序行为。MSDN链接vc8:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms364057 (VS.80) . aspx