我想写一个函数,它以一个字母数组作为参数,并从中选择一些字母。
假设您提供了一个包含8个字母的数组,并希望从中选择3个字母。那么你应该得到:
8! / ((8 - 3)! * 3!) = 56
数组(或单词),每个数组由3个字母组成。
我想写一个函数,它以一个字母数组作为参数,并从中选择一些字母。
假设您提供了一个包含8个字母的数组,并希望从中选择3个字母。那么你应该得到:
8! / ((8 - 3)! * 3!) = 56
数组(或单词),每个数组由3个字母组成。
当前回答
Lisp宏为所有值r(每次取)生成代码
(defmacro txaat (some-list taken-at-a-time)
(let* ((vars (reverse (truncate-list '(a b c d e f g h i j) taken-at-a-time))))
`(
,@(loop for i below taken-at-a-time
for j in vars
with nested = nil
finally (return nested)
do
(setf
nested
`(loop for ,j from
,(if (< i (1- (length vars)))
`(1+ ,(nth (1+ i) vars))
0)
below (- (length ,some-list) ,i)
,@(if (equal i 0)
`(collect
(list
,@(loop for k from (1- taken-at-a-time) downto 0
append `((nth ,(nth k vars) ,some-list)))))
`(append ,nested))))))))
So,
CL-USER> (macroexpand-1 '(txaat '(a b c d) 1))
(LOOP FOR A FROM 0 TO (- (LENGTH '(A B C D)) 1)
COLLECT (LIST (NTH A '(A B C D))))
T
CL-USER> (macroexpand-1 '(txaat '(a b c d) 2))
(LOOP FOR A FROM 0 TO (- (LENGTH '(A B C D)) 2)
APPEND (LOOP FOR B FROM (1+ A) TO (- (LENGTH '(A B C D)) 1)
COLLECT (LIST (NTH A '(A B C D)) (NTH B '(A B C D)))))
T
CL-USER> (macroexpand-1 '(txaat '(a b c d) 3))
(LOOP FOR A FROM 0 TO (- (LENGTH '(A B C D)) 3)
APPEND (LOOP FOR B FROM (1+ A) TO (- (LENGTH '(A B C D)) 2)
APPEND (LOOP FOR C FROM (1+ B) TO (- (LENGTH '(A B C D)) 1)
COLLECT (LIST (NTH A '(A B C D))
(NTH B '(A B C D))
(NTH C '(A B C D))))))
T
CL-USER>
And,
CL-USER> (txaat '(a b c d) 1)
((A) (B) (C) (D))
CL-USER> (txaat '(a b c d) 2)
((A B) (A C) (A D) (B C) (B D) (C D))
CL-USER> (txaat '(a b c d) 3)
((A B C) (A B D) (A C D) (B C D))
CL-USER> (txaat '(a b c d) 4)
((A B C D))
CL-USER> (txaat '(a b c d) 5)
NIL
CL-USER> (txaat '(a b c d) 0)
NIL
CL-USER>
其他回答
像Andrea Ambu一样用Python写的,但不是硬编码来选择三个。
def combinations(list, k):
"""Choose combinations of list, choosing k elements(no repeats)"""
if len(list) < k:
return []
else:
seq = [i for i in range(k)]
while seq:
print [list[index] for index in seq]
seq = get_next_combination(len(list), k, seq)
def get_next_combination(num_elements, k, seq):
index_to_move = find_index_to_move(num_elements, seq)
if index_to_move == None:
return None
else:
seq[index_to_move] += 1
#for every element past this sequence, move it down
for i, elem in enumerate(seq[(index_to_move+1):]):
seq[i + 1 + index_to_move] = seq[index_to_move] + i + 1
return seq
def find_index_to_move(num_elements, seq):
"""Tells which index should be moved"""
for rev_index, elem in enumerate(reversed(seq)):
if elem < (num_elements - rev_index - 1):
return len(seq) - rev_index - 1
return None
下面是一个coffeescript实现
combinations: (list, n) ->
permuations = Math.pow(2, list.length) - 1
out = []
combinations = []
while permuations
out = []
for i in [0..list.length]
y = ( 1 << i )
if( y & permuations and (y isnt permuations))
out.push(list[i])
if out.length <= n and out.length > 0
combinations.push(out)
permuations--
return combinations
最近在IronScripter网站上有一个PowerShell挑战,需要一个n- choice -k的解决方案。我在那里发布了一个解决方案,但这里有一个更通用的版本。
AllK开关用于控制输出是长度为ChooseK的组合,还是长度为1到ChooseK的组合。 Prefix参数实际上是输出字符串的累加器,但其效果是为初始调用传递的值实际上会为每一行输出添加前缀。
function Get-NChooseK
{
[CmdletBinding()]
Param
(
[String[]]
$ArrayN
, [Int]
$ChooseK
, [Switch]
$AllK
, [String]
$Prefix = ''
)
PROCESS
{
# Validate the inputs
$ArrayN = $ArrayN | Sort-Object -Unique
If ($ChooseK -gt $ArrayN.Length)
{
Write-Error "Can't choose $ChooseK items when only $($ArrayN.Length) are available." -ErrorAction Stop
}
# Control the output
$firstK = If ($AllK) { 1 } Else { $ChooseK }
# Get combinations
$firstK..$ChooseK | ForEach-Object {
$thisK = $_
$ArrayN[0..($ArrayN.Length-($thisK--))] | ForEach-Object {
If ($thisK -eq 0)
{
Write-Output ($Prefix+$_)
}
Else
{
Get-NChooseK -Array ($ArrayN[($ArrayN.IndexOf($_)+1)..($ArrayN.Length-1)]) -Choose $thisK -AllK:$false -Prefix ($Prefix+$_)
}
}
}
}
}
例如:
PS C:\>$ArrayN = 'E','B','C','A','D'
PS C:\>$ChooseK = 3
PS C:\>Get-NChooseK -ArrayN $ArrayN -ChooseK $ChooseK
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD
BCE
BDE
CDE
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned int next_combination(unsigned int *ar, size_t n, unsigned int k)
{
unsigned int finished = 0;
unsigned int changed = 0;
unsigned int i;
if (k > 0) {
for (i = k - 1; !finished && !changed; i--) {
if (ar[i] < (n - 1) - (k - 1) + i) {
/* Increment this element */
ar[i]++;
if (i < k - 1) {
/* Turn the elements after it into a linear sequence */
unsigned int j;
for (j = i + 1; j < k; j++) {
ar[j] = ar[j - 1] + 1;
}
}
changed = 1;
}
finished = i == 0;
}
if (!changed) {
/* Reset to first combination */
for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {
ar[i] = i;
}
}
}
return changed;
}
typedef void(*printfn)(const void *, FILE *);
void print_set(const unsigned int *ar, size_t len, const void **elements,
const char *brackets, printfn print, FILE *fptr)
{
unsigned int i;
fputc(brackets[0], fptr);
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
print(elements[ar[i]], fptr);
if (i < len - 1) {
fputs(", ", fptr);
}
}
fputc(brackets[1], fptr);
}
int main(void)
{
unsigned int numbers[] = { 0, 1, 2 };
char *elements[] = { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" };
const unsigned int k = sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(unsigned int);
const unsigned int n = sizeof(elements) / sizeof(const char*);
do {
print_set(numbers, k, (void*)elements, "[]", (printfn)fputs, stdout);
putchar('\n');
} while (next_combination(numbers, n, k));
getchar();
return 0;
}
假设你的字母数组是这样的:"ABCDEFGH"。你有三个下标(i, j, k)来表示你要用哪个字母来表示当前单词。
A B C D E F G H ^ ^ ^ i j k
首先你改变k,所以下一步看起来像这样:
A B C D E F G H ^ ^ ^ i j k
如果你到达终点,你继续改变j和k。
A B C D E F G H ^ ^ ^ i j k A B C D E F G H ^ ^ ^ i j k
一旦j达到G, i也开始变化。
A B C D E F G H ^ ^ ^ i j k A B C D E F G H ^ ^ ^ i j k ...
用代码写出来是这样的
void print_combinations(const char *string)
{
int i, j, k;
int len = strlen(string);
for (i = 0; i < len - 2; i++)
{
for (j = i + 1; j < len - 1; j++)
{
for (k = j + 1; k < len; k++)
printf("%c%c%c\n", string[i], string[j], string[k]);
}
}
}